Environmental and safety aspects of AirPlus insulated GIS

Hyrenbach, Maik; Paul, Th.; Owens, John

doi:10.1049/oap-cired.2017.0230

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, the content of C 5 F 10 O in practical application is below 20% and the concentration of products is extremely low. It has been reported that during arc discharge, the product of C 3 F 6 was 50 ppm and just 6.5 ppb may have leaked into the air, which was far less than the exposure threshold of 0.1 ppm [43]. Although the GWPs of CF 4 , C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 8 , C 4 F 10 , and C 6 F 14 are 7390, 12,200, 8830, 8860, and 9300 (much higher than that of C 5 F 10 O), it should be noted that the concentration of deposited products is extremely low under normal working conditions [44].…”

Section: Perfluoropentanone (C 5 F 10 O)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Alternative Environmentally Friendly Insulating Gases for SF6

Wang¹,

Huang²,

Liu³

et al. 2019

Processes

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Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) shows excellent insulation performance as an insulating gas. It is suitable for various climate conditions due to its low boiling point (−64 °C). Therefore, it has been widely used in power grid equipment. However, its global warming potential (GWP) is 23,500 times higher than that of CO2. Thus, it is imperative to find an environmentally friendly insulating gas with excellent insulation performance, lower GWP, and which is harmless to equipment and workers to replace SF6. In this review, four possible alternatives, including perfluorocarbons, trifluoroiodomethane, perfluorinated ketones, and fluoronitrile are reviewed in terms of basic physicochemical properties, insulation properties, decomposition properties, and compatibility with metals. The influences of trace H2O or O2 on their insulation performances are also discussed. The insulation strengths of these insulating gases were comparable to or higher than that of SF6. The GWPs of these insulating gases were lower than that of SF6. Due to their relatively high boiling point, they should be used as a mixture with buffering gases with low boiling points. Based on these four characteristics, perfluorinated ketones (C5F10O and C6F12O) and fluoronitrile (C4F7N) could partially substitute SF6 in some electrical equipment. Finally, some future needs and perspectives of environmentally friendly insulating gases are addressed for further studies.

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Section: Perfluoropentanone (C 5 F 10 O)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Alternative Environmentally Friendly Insulating Gases for SF6

Wang¹,

Huang²,

Liu³

et al. 2019

Processes

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“…For example, a current application with a minimum operating temperature of -15 • C features C 5 F 10 O content of 13.6% for a total pressure of 0.13 MPa [27]. It results from figure 14 that mixtures containing 2 to 27% of C 5 F 10 O are of interest, depending on the targeted application.…”

Section: Density-reduced Critical Electric Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical insulation properties of the perfluoroketone C₅F₁₀O

Chachereau¹,

Hösl²,

Franck³

2018

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The electrical insulation properties of pure C 5 F 10 O and of C 5 F 10 O/N 2 and C 5 F 10 O/CO 2 mixtures are investigated in a pulsed Townsend setup. The electron rate and transport coefficients and the density-reduced critical electric field of these mixtures are obtained, and a synergy effect is observed in in C 5 F 10 O/N 2 and C 5 F 10 O/CO 2 mixtures. The total electron attachment cross section of C 5 F 10 O is estimated based on the attachment rate to C 5 F 10 O in diluted C 5 F 10 O/N 2 and C 5 F 10 O/CO 2 mixtures.

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“…Workplace airborne SF 6 concentrations observed in indoor gas-insulated switchgear applications are typically below 1 ppmv [13]. As a result, the OELs stated above provide a sufficient margin of safety in these applications and the observed airborne concentrations of Novec Insulating Gases described above are well below the action level of 1 2 the OEL as defined by US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). On this basis, risk analyses have established that gas mixtures containing the Novec Insulating Gases are safe to handle in gas-filled equipment under all expected operational conditions [1,2].…”

Section: Safety Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…They both have been shown to function as a key dielectric component in insulating gas mixtures while providing significantly lower climate impact. As a result, the electric power industry has begun implementing SF 6 -alternative gas mixtures based upon these compounds over the last several years [1][2][3][4]. The fluoronitrile and fluoroketone are recognized within the electric power industry as 3M™ Novec™ 4710 Insulating Gas and 3M™ Novec™ 5110 Insulating Gas, respectively [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Two Alternative Gases to SF6 for High Voltage Electrical Power Applications

et al. 2021

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For many years, SF6 has been the preferred dielectric medium in electrical power applications, particularly in high voltage gas-insulated equipment. However, with the recognition that SF6 has an extremely long atmospheric lifetime and very high global warming potential, governments have pursued emission reductions from gas-filled equipment. The electrical power industry has responded to this environmental challenge applying SF6-free technologies to an expanding range of applications which have traditionally used SF6, including gas-insulated switchgear, gas-insulated circuit breakers and gas-insulated lines or bus bars. Some of these SF6-free solutions include gas mixtures containing fluorinated compounds that have low climate impact, among them, a fluoronitrile and a fluoroketone developed as 3M™ Novec™ 4710 Insulating Gas and 3M™ Novec™ 5110 Insulating Gas, respectively. Both fluoronitrile and fluoroketone mixtures are successfully used in gas-insulated equipment currently operating on the grid where they reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 99% versus SF6. This paper reviews these leading components of alternative-gas mixtures with updates on the performance, safety and environmental profiles in electrical power applications.

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Environmental and safety aspects of AirPlus insulated GIS

Cited by 27 publications

References 2 publications

Alternative Environmentally Friendly Insulating Gases for SF6

Alternative Environmentally Friendly Insulating Gases for SF6

Electrical insulation properties of the perfluoroketone C₅F₁₀O

Recent Development of Two Alternative Gases to SF6 for High Voltage Electrical Power Applications

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Environmental and safety aspects of AirPlus insulated GIS

Cited by 27 publications

References 2 publications

Alternative Environmentally Friendly Insulating Gases for SF6

Alternative Environmentally Friendly Insulating Gases for SF6

Electrical insulation properties of the perfluoroketone C5F10O

Recent Development of Two Alternative Gases to SF6 for High Voltage Electrical Power Applications

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Electrical insulation properties of the perfluoroketone C₅F₁₀O