Environmental biology of a tropical treeline species, <i>Polylepis sericea</i>

Goldstein, G.; Meinzer, Frederick C.; Rada, Fermín

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511551475.008

Cited by 44 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…not the result of particularly sheltered, warm habitats. Goldstein et al (1994) report an analysis of 256 Polylepis stands in Venezuela by H. Arnal in which no preference of slope orientation to the sun was found, which contradicts a widespread supposition. Beaman (1962) also found no exposure e ect (north versus south) on treeline elevation in Mexico.…”

Section: Treelines On Oceanic Islands and Forest Outpostsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Adequate data for solar radiation are non-existent for treelines of most parts of the world. Fortunately temperatures of tree crowns near treeline are relatively close to air temperatures (Caldwell 1970;Grace 1977;Goldstein et al 1994;James et al 1994), and soil temperatures also tend to be closer to mean air temperatures under trees than under treeless vegetation, which experiences radiative warming (Winiger 1981;KoÈ rner et al 1986;Miehe and Miehe 1994). Though usually better coupled to the atmosphere than low stature vegetation Grace (1988), dense tree canopies at treeline, may still warm up by 1±2 K compared to air temperature (e.g.…”

Section: Means Are Generally Problematicmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Though usually better coupled to the atmosphere than low stature vegetation Grace (1988), dense tree canopies at treeline, may still warm up by 1±2 K compared to air temperature (e.g. annual mean for the Alps of +1.8 K reported by Gross 1989; +2 K for July in the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming by Hadley and Smith 1987), and larger mean deviations have been reported for bright periods (Gross 1989;Goldstein et al 1994). Short term maxima of leaf to air temperature di erences under clear sky conditions may exceed 5 K (Tranquillini 1963;Gross 1989; negative deviations during the night).…”

Section: Means Are Generally Problematicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compiled from data by Arno (1984); Aulitzky (1961); Goldstein et al (1994); Grace (1977); Hermes (1955);Hnatiuk et al (1976);Lauer (1988);Lauscher (1976Lauscher ( / 1977; Miehe (1989); Miehe and Miehe (1994); Rundel (1974); Sonesson and Hoogesteger (1983);Troll (1973); Wardle (1971Wardle ( ,1974 son. Since growth tends to be much more sensitive to temperature than photosynthesis (KoÈ rner and Larcher 1988; KoÈ rner and Pelaez Menendez-Riedl 1989; see also below) and because most of the expansion growth outside the tropics and subtropics occurs early in the season when temperatures are still low, this temperature is also of limited physiological relevance.…”

Section: Air Temperature Of the Warmest Monthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Venezuela Polylepis sericea stands are found up to 4200 m, i.e. 900 m above the``o cial'' treeline (Goldstein et al 1994), and form impressive forests at 4100 m.…”

Section: Treelines On Oceanic Islands and Forest Outpostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation

1998

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In this review I ®rst compile data for the worldwide position of climate-driven alpine treelines. Causes for treeline formation are then discussed with a global perspective. Available evidence suggests a combination of a general thermal boundary for tree growth, with regionally variable``modulatory'' forces, including the presence of certain taxa. Much of the explanatory evidence found in the literature relates to these modulatory aspects at regional scales, whereas no good explanations emerged for the more fundamental global pattern related to temperature per se, on which this review is focused. I hypothesize that the life form``tree'' is limited at treeline altitudes by the potential investment, rather than production, of assimilates (growth as such, rather than photosynthesis or the carbon balance, being limited). In shoots coupled to a cold atmosphere, meristem activity is suggested to be limited for much of the time, especially at night. By reducing soil heat¯ux during the growing season the forest canopy negatively a ects root zone temperature. The lower threshold temperature for tissue growth and development appears to be higher than 3°C and lower than 10°C, possibly in the 5.5±7.5°C range, most commonly associated with seasonal means of air temperature at treeline positions. The physiological and developmental mechanisms responsible have yet to be analyzed. Root zone temperature, though largely unknown, is likely to be most critical.

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Section: Treelines On Oceanic Islands and Forest Outpostsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Means Are Generally Problematicmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Means Are Generally Problematicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Air Temperature Of the Warmest Monthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Venezuela Polylepis sericea stands are found up to 4200 m, i.e. 900 m above the``o cial'' treeline (Goldstein et al 1994), and form impressive forests at 4100 m.…”

Section: Treelines On Oceanic Islands and Forest Outpostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation

1998

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Structural adaptations in plants from the humid equatorial Andes indicate a trade‐off between hydraulic transport efficiency and safety

Soukup

Pecková

Ježková

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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PremiseEnvironmental gradients of mountains are reflected in traits that are common to high‐elevation plants worldwide. Closely related species of Senecio from the equatorial Andes grow as broad‐leaved climbers in montane forests, basal broad‐leaved rosette herbs in azonal marshy habitats, and ascending, narrow‐leaved subshrubs in high‐elevation páramo. Habitat variation along the elevational gradient enables testing whether modifications in leaf and stem functional traits among species were driven by contrasting environmental conditions.MethodsWe used quantitative analyses to describe changes in morphological and anatomical traits of leaves and stems in 10 species from various habitats. We applied univariate (linear regression, hierarchical ANOVA) and multivariate (NMDS ordination, permutational MANOVA) techniques to examine the correlation of traits with the species' habitats and elevation.ResultsSpecies from the humid and frost‐free montane forest develop xylem optimized for transport efficiency by increasing the internal diameter and length of the conduits. In contrast, páramo species are optimized toward hydraulic safety by producing narrower conduits and are more likely to prevent the risk of frost‐induced cavitation. Moreover, species from the high‐elevation páramo habitats present a set of water‐transport‐related anatomical traits of leaf lamina, allowing for efficient regulation of transpiration losses.ConclusionsMorphological and anatomical traits of leaves and stems in species of Senecio inhabiting montane forests and high‐elevation páramo in the equatorial Andes demonstrate a trade‐off between hydraulic safety and efficiency of water transport.

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Drivers of apoplastic freezing in gymnosperm and angiosperm branches

Lintunen

Mayr

Salmon

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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It is not well understood what determines the degree of supercooling of apoplastic sap in trees, although it determines the number and duration of annual freeze–thaw cycles in a given environment. We studied the linkage between apoplastic ice nucleation temperature, tree water status, and conduit size. We used branches of 10 gymnosperms and 16 angiosperms collected from an arboretum in Helsinki (Finland) in winter and spring. Branches with lower relative water content froze at lower temperatures, and branch water content was lower in winter than in spring. A bench drying experiment with Picea abies confirmed that decreasing branch water potential decreases apoplastic ice nucleation temperature. The studied angiosperms froze on average 2.0 and 1.8°C closer to zero Celsius than the studied gymnosperms during winter and spring, respectively. This was caused by higher relative water content in angiosperms; when branches were saturated with water, apoplastic ice nucleation temperature of gymnosperms increased to slightly higher temperature than that of angiosperms. Apoplastic ice nucleation temperature in sampled branches was positively correlated with xylem conduit diameter as shown before, but saturating the branches removed the correlation. Decrease in ice nucleation temperature decreased the duration of freezing, which could have an effect on winter embolism formation via the time available for gas escape during ice propagation. The apoplastic ice nucleation temperature varied not only between branches but also within a branch between consecutive freeze–thaw cycles demonstrating the stochastic nature of ice nucleation.

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Environmental biology of a tropical treeline species, Polylepis sericea

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation

A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation

Structural adaptations in plants from the humid equatorial Andes indicate a trade‐off between hydraulic transport efficiency and safety

Drivers of apoplastic freezing in gymnosperm and angiosperm branches

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