Environmental contaminants in milk: the problem of organochlorine xenobiotics

Darbre, Philippa D.

doi:10.1042/bst0260106

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…and, due to their lipophilic nature, are stored in human breast fat (Darbre, 1998). These include a variety of pesticides (Smith, 1999) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (Dobson and van Esch, 1993).…”

Section: Growth-promoting Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underarm cosmetics and breast cancer

Darbre

2003

J of Applied Toxicology

Self Cite

139

115

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Although risk factors are known to include the loss of function of the susceptibility genes BRCA1/BRCA2 and lifetime exposure to oestrogen, the main causative agents in breast cancer remain unaccounted for. It has been suggested recently that underarm cosmetics might be a cause of breast cancer, because these cosmetics contain a variety of chemicals that are applied frequently to an area directly adjacent to the breast. The strongest supporting evidence comes from unexplained clinical observations showing a disproportionately high incidence of breast cancer in the upper outer quadrant of the breast, just the local area to which these cosmetics are applied. A biological basis for breast carcinogenesis could result from the ability of the various constituent chemicals to bind to DNA and to promote growth of the damaged cells. Multidisciplinary research is now needed to study the effect of long-term use of the constituent chemicals of underarm cosmetics, because if there proves to be any link between these cosmetics and breast cancer then there might be options for the prevention of breast cancer.

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Section: Growth-promoting Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underarm cosmetics and breast cancer

Darbre

2003

J of Applied Toxicology

Self Cite

139

115

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“…Parabens have a high oil/water partition coefficient and water solubility decreases with increase in ester chain length (Elder, 1984). Therefore, if any parabens do enter the human body intact, they may be able to accumulate in fatty components of body tissues in a similar manner to that of other lipophilic pollutants that are known to bioaccumulate (Dobson et al, 1989;Dobson, 1993;Sonawane, 1995;Hardell et al, 1996;Guttes et al, 1998;Stellman et al, 1998Stellman et al, , 2000Darbre, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours

Darbre

Aljarrah

Miller

et al. 2004

J of Applied Toxicology

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716

371

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Parabens are used as preservatives in many thousands of cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical products to which the human population is exposed. Although recent reports of the oestrogenic properties of parabens have challenged current concepts of their toxicity in these consumer products, the question remains as to whether any of the parabens can accumulate intact in the body from the long-term, low-dose levels to which humans are exposed. Initial studies reported here show that parabens can be extracted from human breast tissue and detected by thin-layer chromatography. More detailed studies enabled identification and measurement of mean concentrations of individual parabens in samples of 20 human breast tumours by high-pressure liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. The mean concentration of parabens in these 20 human breast tumours was found to be 20.6 +/- 4.2 ng x g(-1) tissue. Comparison of individual parabens showed that methylparaben was present at the highest level (with a mean value of 12.8 +/- 2.2 ng x g(-1) tissue) and represents 62% of the total paraben recovered in the extractions. These studies demonstrate that parabens can be found intact in the human breast and this should open the way technically for more detailed information to be obtained on body burdens of parabens and in particular whether body burdens are different in cancer from those in normal tissues.

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“…Far fewer measurements have been made using specific body tissues for obvious reasons of difficulty in obtaining samples, but it remains crucial to obtain measurements of EDCs in relevant organs where the health problems originate even if sample sizes are small. For example, it has been known for many years that relative levels of different polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners may vary between maternal blood and breast milk [16], and therefore measurements in blood cannot always be assumed to reflect levels in the human breast.…”

Section: Tissue Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Could Endocrine Disrupters Affect Human Health?

Darbre¹

2015

Endocrine Disruption and Human Health

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Environmental contaminants in milk: the problem of organochlorine xenobiotics

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Underarm cosmetics and breast cancer

Underarm cosmetics and breast cancer

Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours

How Could Endocrine Disrupters Affect Human Health?

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