Trends in recent years have indicated that cyanobacterial blooms in tropical reservoirs are increasing in frequency, magnitude and geographical distribution. Funil Reservoir in southeastern Brazil has experienced eutrophication in the recent decades, resulting in lasting and intense toxic cyanobacterial blooms. As input of nutrients is high during the year, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of other variables related to changes in cyanobacterial biomass and composition. The dominant group found over the entire study period was Cyanobacteria (97% of total biomass), which contributed to low diversity. A shift of nitrogen-fixing (Anabaena circinalis and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) and non nitrogen-fixing (Microcystis aeruginosa) cyanobacteria was observed. Redundancy analysis indicated that physical factors such as temperature, changes in the mixing zone and light intensity were the main driving factors of the seasonal succession. Nitrogenfixing cyanobacteria dominated in periods of low light in the deepest mixing zone, and also seemed to have experienced stronger grazing effects as the density of the large zooplankton group was related to cyanobacteria biomass. M. aeruginosa bloomed in warm stratified waters, high water levels and during months with more daylight, when the zooplankton density was drastically reduced. Although the long-standing dominance of cyanobacteria may be related to high nutrient availability, the present study showed that under high and constant input of nutrients, other factors, especially physical variables, present a more plausible explanation to promote changes in species composition.KEY WORDS: Cyanobacterial bloom · Cylindrospermopsis · Microcystis · Anabaena · Zooplankton
Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Microb Ecol 57: [137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149] 2009 reports of surface scum have become much more numerous since the mid-20th century. Harmful algal blooms caused by cyanobacteria (CyanoHABs) are one of the most severe problems in freshwater ecosystems nowadays. These often-toxic blooms and the dense surface scums are indicative of water quality deterioration and food-web changes, and can be responsible for the mortality of fish, domestic animals and even humans (Paerl & Huisman 2009).Cyanobacteria blooms occur in waters during calm stratified conditions with high temperatures and adequate nutrient supplies (Huszar et al. 2000). Cyanobacterial dominance is mostly related to favourable bottom-up factors (Briand et al. 2002, Marinho & Huszar 2002, since they are widely known for their ability to minimize grazing pressure, through different effects on zooplankton community: mechanical interference (difficulty in manipulating and ingesting large colonies or filaments), assimilation (low amounts of essential nutrients) and toxicity (De Bernardi & Giussani 1990). However, some zooplankton species have developed physiological resistance to cyanotoxins (Fulton & Paerl 1988...