Environmental Contributions to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Grant, Kristen; Carpenter, David O.; Sly, Leith; Sly, Peter D.

doi:10.7178/jeit.12

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…[53] The human gastrointestinal tract is heavily colonized by microbes, mainly composed of bacteria, archaea, and fungi. [54] To date, 500 different species of bacteria have been detected in the intestinal tract, and the highest microbiota concentration reaches 10 12 -10 14 cells/ml in the distal ileum and colon. [55,56] Under physiologic conditions, the microbiota helps to maintain intestinal homeostasis for mutually beneficial symbiosis.…”

Section: Tlrs Bridge Microbiota and Inflammation In Gastrointestinal mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Toll-like receptors in microbiota-associated gastrointestinal cancer metastasis

Lü

Ding

2013

J Can Res Ther

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve as specific pattern recognition molecules that bind to microbial components to activate innate immunity and instruct and modulate adaptive immunity in the face of immunological danger. Accumulating evidence supports that TLR signaling pathway responses to luminal microbes participate in the development of gastrointestinal malignancies. This review summarizes current knowledge on the roles of TLR in microbiota-associated gastrointestinal cancer metastasis, focusing on TLR recognition of microbiota ligands, initiating inflammation, and promoting tumorigenesis, as well as the therapeutic strategies to target TLR. Studying the link between TLR signaling and gastrointestinal malignancies offers the possibility to identify novel ways to both prevent and treat gastrointestinal cancer.

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Section: Tlrs Bridge Microbiota and Inflammation In Gastrointestinal mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Toll-like receptors in microbiota-associated gastrointestinal cancer metastasis

Lü

Ding

2013

J Can Res Ther

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“…We focus on epidemiologic studies published over a five-year period from 2011 to 2015, given the availability of three extensive reviews of earlier studies (27, 28, 31). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Exposure to Synthetic Chemicals and Obesity in the Offspring: Recent Findings

Liu

Peterson

2015

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Exposures to synthetic chemicals are among the environmental influences implicated in the development of obesity, given that changes in the genetic background cannot explain dramatic trends in recent decades. Experimental studies suggest perinatal exposures to so-called obesogens may be associated with increased risk of early onset obesity, although this hypothesis has not been extensively examined in humans. This article reviews the latest evidence supporting or refuting effects of maternal exposure to 11 common synthetic chemicals on child obesity during sensitive developmental periods. Twenty-two epidemiologic studies conducted since 2011 offer inconsistent support for the obesogenic effects of most substances and are limited by relatively small sample sizes and indirect measures of adiposity. The clearest findings suggest an influence of maternal DDE exposure on offspring overweight or obesity. We conclude with recommendations for future epidemiological research on the role of exposures in development of obesity in childhood.

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“…Academic societies and international expert workshops have called for further investments into not only the identification of pollutant exposures, but also research on their health effects (Di Renzo et al 2015;Grandjean et al 2015). Recent reviews and commentaries have suggested that human exposure to POPs is adversely linked with a diverse array of outcomes that span the lifecourse, including childhood growth and development (Di Renzo et al 2015;Liu and Peterson 2015;Tang-Péronard et al 2011), fertility (Di Renzo et al 2015), pregnancy (Di Renzo et al 2015), diabetes (Grant et al 2014), and cancer (Loomis et al 2015). To date, most epidemiologic studies have focused on 'legacy POPs' including the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), whereas other pollutant groups have not been evaluated in terms of exposure patterns or associations with disease outcomes (World Health Organization 2012), with a notable lack of data from LMICs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a broad class of synthetic chemicals developed for industrial, agricultural, and/ or commercial applications that have known or suspected human toxicity, based on a growing body of animal and epidemiological studies (Baillie-Hamilton 2002;Di Renzo et al 2015;Diamanti-Kandarakis et al 2009;Elobeid and Allison 2008;Grant et al 2014;Liu and Peterson 2015;Loomis et al 2015;Newbold et al 2008;Schug et al 2011;TangPéronard et al 2011). They can last for years before degrading into less dangerous forms, travel long distances (e.g., through air, water, exported food, commercial products), and bioaccumulate in higher-order animals present in many diets, such as fish which tend to easily enrich POPs in their tissues (Geyer et al 2000;United Nations Environmental Programme 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal-Child Exposures to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Dhaka, Bangladesh

et al. 2018

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Information about the human burdens of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in low-and middle-income countries is limited. In particular, studies often include only a small subset of POPs. To address this data gap, we aimed to assess maternal-child exposures to POPs in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We quantified 16 organochlorine pesticides, 12 polychlorinated biphenyls, 21 brominated flame retardants, 18 per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances, 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and short-chain chlorinated paraffins in 18 pooled samples of human cord blood from 90 mother-infant pairs living in Dhaka, Bangladesh (2014. In all pooled samples, we detected high levels of p,p′-DDT (median 81.6 ng/g lipid) and its metabolites p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD (median 551 and 10.7 ng/g lipid, respectively), where the p,p′-DDE/p,p′-DDT ratio ranged from 2.9 to 9.8 indicating recent dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure. We also detected acenaphthene, decabromodiphenyl ethane, o,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDE, hexachlorobenzene, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, hexabromobenzene, and perfluorooctanoic acid in a subset of samples. For the other 59 target compounds, concentrations were below the limits of detection, despite using ultra-trace analytical methodology. No trends were observed when stratifying the analyses of detected POP concentrations by maternal age, maternal body mass index, or large fish consumption. These findings highlight recent DDT exposure in Dhaka, but the overall POP burden was otherwise low in this sample of pregnant women/newborns. Future monitoring efforts should focus on newly detected POPs for which burdens may be increasing due to ongoing industrialization in Bangladesh.

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Environmental Contributions to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 8 publications

References 74 publications

Role of Toll-like receptors in microbiota-associated gastrointestinal cancer metastasis

Role of Toll-like receptors in microbiota-associated gastrointestinal cancer metastasis

Maternal Exposure to Synthetic Chemicals and Obesity in the Offspring: Recent Findings

Maternal-Child Exposures to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Dhaka, Bangladesh

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