Environmental Distribution, Metabolic Fate, and Degradation Mechanism of Chlorpyrifos: Recent and Future Perspectives

Bhende, Rahul S.; Jhariya, Upasana; Srivastava, Shweta; Bombaywala, Sakina; Das, Sanchita; Dafale, Nishant A.

doi:10.1007/s12010-021-03713-7

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…The study was necessary as the excessive use of OP pesticides has caused harmful ecological impacts. The biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by microorganisms is a promising solution to reduce its negative impact [ 1 , 4 ]. This study was among the first to identify the optimum temperature, pH, and substrate concentration required for the in situ biodegradation of chlorpyrifos, which could potentially facilitate the development of an effective bioremediation consortium for chlorpyrifos-contaminated environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Growth Conditions for Chlorpyrifos-Degrading Bacteria in Farm Soils in Nakuru County, Kenya

Wepukhulu,

Wachira,

Huria

et al. 2024

BioMed Research International

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Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a chlorinated organophosphate pesticide. In Kenya, it is commonly used as an acaricide, particularly in dairy farming, leading to soil and water contamination. The study is aimed at isolating bacteria with CP-degrading potential and optimizing their growth conditions, including temperature, pH, and CP concentration. The enrichment culture technique was used, with minimal salt medium (MSM) supplemented with commercial grade CP. A multilevel factorial design was used to investigate the interactions of temperature, pH, and CP concentration. According to the findings, seven bacterial strains with potential to degrade CP were characterized and identified as Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus weihenstephanensis, Bacillus toyonensis, Alcaligenes sp. strain SCAU23, Pseudomonas sp. strain PB845W, Brevundimonas diminuta, and uncultured bacterium clone 99. Growth and biodegradation of bacteria differed significantly among the isolates across pH value, temperature, and concentrations (P≤0.05). The optimum conditions for growth were pH 7, temperature of 25°C, and 25mg/l chlorpyrifos concentration, while optimum degradation conditions were pH 5, temp 25°C, and CP conc. 25mg/l. The Pearson correlation between optimum growth and degradation showed a weak positive relationship (R=0.1144) for pH and strong positive relationship for temperature and concentration of chlorpyrifos. Other than pH, the study shows that there could be other cofactors facilitating the chlorpyrifos degradation process. The findings show that an efficient consortium, at 25°C and pH 5, can include Bacillus toyonensis 20SBZ2B and Alcaligenes sp. SCAU23 as they showed high optical density (OD) values under these conditions. These results indicate the potential for these bacteria to be employed in chlorpyrifos-contaminated ecosystem detoxification efforts upon manipulation of natural growth conditions. The findings of this study offer a potential foundation for future research into the reconstitution of a consortium. Based on the optimum conditions identified, the isolated bacterial strains could be further developed into a consortium to effectively degrade CP in both laboratory and field conditions. Dairy farmers can utilize the isolated strains and the consortia to decontaminate farm soils.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various factors, including microbial components and physicochemical conditions, influence the rate of chlorpyrifos degradation. However, there is limited knowledge on optimizing these conditions for effective biodegradation [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Growth Conditions for Chlorpyrifos-Degrading Bacteria in Farm Soils in Nakuru County, Kenya

Wepukhulu,

Wachira,

Huria

et al. 2024

BioMed Research International

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“…Chlorpyrifos O , O -diethyl- O -(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl-phosphorothioate; CPS) is a crystalline, organophosphate insecticide [ 4 ]. It is widely used all around the world, and it is also the most commonly applied insecticide in the Czech Republic (approximately 182 t per year; [ 5 ])…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Pesticide Use on Tree Health in Riparian Buffer Zone

Hanková

Maršík

Zunová

et al. 2023

Toxics

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The result of the enormous usage of pesticides in agriculture is the contamination of soil and water bodies surrounding the fields. Therefore, creating buffer zones to prevent water contamination is very useful. Chlorpyrifos (CPS) is the active substance of a number of insecticides widely used all over the world. In our study, we focused on the effect of CPS on plants forming riparian buffer zones: poplar (Populus nigra L., TPE18), hybrid aspen (P.tremula L. × P. tremuloides Michx.), and alder (Alnus glutinosa L.). Foliage spray and root irrigation experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions on in vitro cultivated plants. Spray applications of pure CPS were compared with its commercially available form—Oleoekol®. Although CPS is considered a nonsystemic insecticide, our results indicate that CPS is transferred not only upwards from roots to shoots but also downwards from leaves to roots. The amount of CPS in the roots was higher (4.9 times and 5.7 times, respectively) in aspen or poplar sprayed with Oleoekol than in those sprayed with pure CPS. Although the treated plants were not affected in growth parameters, they showed increased activity of antioxidant enzymes (approximately two times in the case of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) and augmented levels of phenolic substances (control plants −114.67 mg GAE/g dry tissue, plants treated with CPS—194.27 mg GAE/g dry tissue). In summary, chlorpyrifos, especially as a foliar spray pesticide, can create persistent residues and affects not only target plants but also plants surrounding the field.

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“…The occurrence of three chloride (Cl 3 ) atoms on the aromatic ring renders TCP resistance to microbial degradation. TCP has greater persistence and higher water solubility than CP (Bhende et al 2021 ); it may accumulate in the soil or leach into the surface or ground waters because of its high mobility. It may contaminate the aquatic ecosystem or may enter into the food chain, resulting in high eco-toxicological risks (Watts 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation insight of organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos through novel intermediate 2,6-dihydroxypyridine by Arthrobacter sp. HM01

Shah

Patel

Trivedi

et al. 2022

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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Organophosphates (OPs) are hazardous pesticides, but an indispensable part of modern agriculture; collaterally contaminating agricultural soil and surrounding water. They have raised serious food safety and environmental toxicity that adversely affect the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and therefore, it become essential to develop a rapid bioremediation technique for restoring the pristine environment. A newly OPs degrading Arthrobacter sp. HM01 was isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil and identified by a ribotyping (16S rRNA) method. Genus Arthrobacter has not been previously reported in chlorpyrifos (CP) degradation, which shows 99% CP (100 mg L−1) degradation within 10 h in mMSM medium and also shows tolerance to a high concentration (1000 mg L−1) of CP. HM01 utilized a broad range of OPs pesticides and other aromatic pollutants including intermediates of CP degradation as sole carbon sources. The maximum CP degradation was obtained at pH 7 and 32 °C. During the degradation, a newly identified intermediate 2,6-dihydroxypyridine was detected through TLC/HPLC/LCMS analysis and a putative pathway was proposed for its degradation. The study also revealed that the organophosphate hydrolase (opdH) gene was responsible for CP degradation, and the opdH-enzyme was located intracellularly. The opdH enzyme was characterized from cell free extract for its optimum pH and temperature requirement, which was 7.0 and 50 °C, respectively. Thus, the results revealed the true potential of HM01 for OPs-bioremediation. Moreover, the strain HM01 showed the fastest rate of CP degradation, among the reported Arthrobacter sp. Graphical Abstract

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Environmental Distribution, Metabolic Fate, and Degradation Mechanism of Chlorpyrifos: Recent and Future Perspectives

Cited by 34 publications

References 139 publications

Optimization of Growth Conditions for Chlorpyrifos-Degrading Bacteria in Farm Soils in Nakuru County, Kenya

Optimization of Growth Conditions for Chlorpyrifos-Degrading Bacteria in Farm Soils in Nakuru County, Kenya

The Impact of Pesticide Use on Tree Health in Riparian Buffer Zone

Degradation insight of organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos through novel intermediate 2,6-dihydroxypyridine by Arthrobacter sp. HM01

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