of anxiety, depression, and ongoing abdominal discomfort in ulcerative colitis-like colon inflammation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 308: R18-R27, 2015. First published November 1, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00298.2014.-Psychological disorders are prevalent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease; the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that ulcerative colitis-like inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) exacerbates the ongoing spontaneous activity in colon-projecting afferent neurons that induces abdominal discomfort and anxiety, and depressive-like behaviors in rats. In this study, we used the conditioned place preference and standard tests for anxiety-and depression-like behaviors. DSS rats developed anxiety-and depression-like behaviors 10 to 20 days after the start of inflammation. Single-fiber recordings showed an increase in the frequency of spontaneous activity in L6-S1 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) roots. Prolonged desensitization of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-expressing colonic afferents by resiniferatoxin (RTX) suppressed the spontaneous activity, as well as the anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors. Reduction in spontaneous activity in colon afferents by intracolonic administration of lidocaine produced robust conditioned place preference (CPP) in DSS rats, but not in control rats. Patchclamp studies demonstrated a significant decrease in the resting membrane potential, lower rheobase, and sensitization of colonprojecting L6-S1 DRG neurons to generate trains of action potentials in response to current injection in DSS rats. DSS inflammation upregulated the mRNA levels of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and TRPV1 channels and downregulated that of K v1.1 and Kv1.4 channels. Ulcerative colitis-like inflammation in rats induces anxietyand depression-like behaviors, as well as ongoing abdominal discomfort by exacerbating the spontaneous activity in the colon-projecting afferent neurons. Alterations in the expression of voltage-and ligandgated channels are associated with the induction of mood disorders following colon inflammation.inflammatory bowel disease; spontaneous activity in visceral afferent neurons; anxiety; depression; visceral hypersensitivity ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE SHOWS that peripheral inflammation in chronic diseases, including Type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic pulmonary disease, and chronic hepatitis C, associates with anxiety and depression in vulnerable patients (7). Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causes intense overt inflammation in the distal gut. The prevalence of psychological disorders is controversial in IBD patients (20). However, various reports show that as high as 80% of IBD patients suffer from anxiety and 60% from depression during relapse (1) and 29% to 35% during remission (3, 22). The cellular and neurological mechanisms by which peripheral inflammation induces anxiety and depression remain unknown.Evoked pain induced by balloon distension in the col...