Environmental Evaluation of an Acute Release of 131I to the Atmosphere

Jk, Soldat

doi:10.1097/00004032-196510000-00004

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…However, since all of the women were in the same age group (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) and most of the men were in the same age group (23-2+0), the data here have been plotted as fat content related to total body weight. To-date, the % fat in individuals appears to be directly proportional to body weight.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FISSION PRODUCT METABOLISM AND RESPONSE IN LABORATORY AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND PLANNING STUDY FOR EVALUATION OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OF THE FOOD CHAIN. Progress Report, January 1--December 31, 1967.

Comar¹

1968

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FISSION PRODUCT METABOLISM AND RESPONSE IN LABORATORY AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND PLANNING STUDY FOR EVALUATION OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OF THE FOOD CHAIN. Progress Report, January 1--December 31, 1967.

Comar¹

1968

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“…This particularincident wasextensively studied. A publicreportof the resultsis available (Soldat 1965). Air measurementswere takenat dally intervals (24-hour samples) at Benton City, IUchland, and Kennewick, as well as at 18 omlte locations.…”

Section: Available September 1963 Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of HEDR models. Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project

Napier¹,

Simpson²,

Eslinger³

et al. 1994

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In 1987, the U.S. Departmentof Energy (DOE) directedthe Pacific Northwest Laboratory, J operatedby Battelle Memorial Institute, to conduct the HartfordEnvironmentalDose Reconstruction 0tEDR) Project. The DOE directive to begin project work followed a recommendationby the HanfordHealth Effects Review (HHER) Panel in 1986. The HHER Panel was formed to consider • the potential health implications of past releases of radioactivematerials from the HartfordSite near Richland, Washington. Membersof a Technical Steering Panel (TSP) were selected to direct the project work. The TSP consists of experts in the various technical fields relevant to HEDR Project work and representativesfrom the states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho; Native American Tribes; and the public. The technical members of the panel were selected by the vice presidents for research at major universities in Washington and Oregon. The state representativeswere selected by the respective state governments. The Native American tribes and public representatives were selected by the other panel members. A December 1990 Memorandumof Understandingbetween the Secretariesof the DOE and the U.S. Departmentof Health and Human Services (DHHS) transferredresponsibility for managing the DOE's dose reconstructionand exposure assessment studies to the DHHS. This transfer resulted in the current contract between Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories(BNW) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an agency of the DHHS, to continuethe project. The purpose of the HEDR Project is to estimatethe radiationdose that individualscould have received as a result of emissions since 1944 from the HartfordSite. The HEDR Project work is conducted under several technical and administrative tasks, among which are the Technical Integration and Statistics Tasks. The staff on these tasks provide the _cal guidance, coordination, and communicationamong other technical tasks, as well as ensuring the appropriateuse of statistics and statisticalmethods. These efforts include the model reliability analysis, a shared activity between the two tasks. Model reliability involves the review of concepts, testing of the implementationof models in computercodes, uncertaintyand sensitivity analyses, and validation of model output. Validation of the model output is part of the analysis of the various models. A HEDR Model Validation Plan has been published (Napier 1993). The model validation results reported in this document are the implementationof the model validation plan and fulfdl the requirements of Milestone 0204C. This reporthad been planned as a component of a HEDR Model Reliability Report, Milestone 0803B. The publicationof the validationinformationwas accelerated as a separate milestone at the request of the TSP. The other model reliability informationwill be reported in the code documentationand the dose reports. q, This report completes HEDR Project Milestone 0204C. It is the final report, replacingthe previous version dated January 1994. Appendix E is a record of the TSP co...

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“…This dose can be compared to the more than 3000 mrem the same person would have received at the time from naturally occurring background sources and worldwide fallout. 1957196019651970Year 197519801985 FIGURE 2. Estimated Doses to th~ Whole Body of the Maximum Individual .... 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 197D 1971(d) For the purpos~ of clarity, w~ describe in the past tense the work and conclusions taken from annual reports art Hanford environRLental monitoring.…”

Section: Environmental Monitoring Reports For Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Offsite radiation doses summarized from Hanford environmental monitoring reports for the years 1957-1984. [Contains glossary]

Soldat¹,

Price²,

McCormack³

1986

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In 1957, Hanford became the first major U.S. nuclear facility to calculate and report potential radiation doses to people living nearby. Th~ assessment of offsite doses began in 1957 when all of the information necessary to make such an assessment first became available. This document summarizes these radiation doses as reported each year from 1957 through 1984.Plutonium facilities at Hanford began operating in late 1944, and together with the uranium program at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, began to produce materials to be used in the manufacture of nuclear weapons. With this historical change, a new phase developed in the philosophy of radiation protection. In 1946, the National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) and later the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) were reestablished and shifted their emphasis from X-rays and radium to include radiation protection for radiation workers and for members of the public living in the vicinity of nuclear-energy facilities. The development of sophisticated radiation dt!tection equipment and the results frou1 research and experience gained from working with radiuactivt! materials made it possible in 1957 to estimate radiation doses to members of th~:: public living near Hanford.This document does not attempt to assess the potential doses to the offsite public resulting from Hanford operations before 1957. There are several reasons why an accurate assessment using the historical records would be extremely difficult to make.• Data collected before 1957 were not directed toward dose assessment, and the measurements of radioactive materials in the environrn~::nt were made with simple state-of-the-art instruments.• The historical record is incomplete because of the scheduled routine destruction of some documents.• Historical data related to effluent releases are inconsistent in many cases because different working groups at Hanford made estimates for different purposes.• Accurate information on the dietary habits and population distribution of early local residents is not known.iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors gratefully acknowledge the extensive editorial assiStdnce of K. R. Hanson and the word processing efforts of A. Jewell during the preparation of this report. We also dfe grateful for the many helpful suggestions made by numerous PNL and Hanford-contractor peer reviewers. reports. These evaluations included estimates of potential radiation exposure to members of the public, either in terms of percentages of the then permissible 1 imits or in terms uf radiation dose. The evaluations of potential radiation dose provided i11 these annual reports hctve been rt:!viewed and are discussed in this report. The estimated potential radiation doses to maximally exposed individuals from each year of Hanford operations, as given in the annual reports, are summarized in a series of tables and figures. The applicable standard for radiation dose to an individual for whom the maximum exposure was estimated is also shown on each table and figure. To the extent they were av...

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Environmental Evaluation of an Acute Release of 131I to the Atmosphere

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

FISSION PRODUCT METABOLISM AND RESPONSE IN LABORATORY AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND PLANNING STUDY FOR EVALUATION OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OF THE FOOD CHAIN. Progress Report, January 1--December 31, 1967.

FISSION PRODUCT METABOLISM AND RESPONSE IN LABORATORY AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND PLANNING STUDY FOR EVALUATION OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OF THE FOOD CHAIN. Progress Report, January 1--December 31, 1967.

Validation of HEDR models. Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project

Offsite radiation doses summarized from Hanford environmental monitoring reports for the years 1957-1984. [Contains glossary]

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