Environmental factors affecting immune responses in Crustacea

Effect of replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal and poultry by-product meal in diets on the growth and immune response of Macrobrachium nipponense

“…It is well known that several extrinsic factors like temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen affect the circulating haemocyte count of crustaceans [7]. A certain increase in water temperature has been reported normally to increase THC in several crustaceans [7]. M. rosenbergii reared at temperatures of 27e28 (C and 30e31 (C had significantly higher THC than those reared at 20e21 (C and 33e34 (C [41].…”

“…This could be partly attributed to the lower rearing temperature in our experiment. It is well known that several extrinsic factors like temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen affect the circulating haemocyte count of crustaceans [7]. A certain increase in water temperature has been reported normally to increase THC in several crustaceans [7].…”

“…To evaluate the immune ability of the shrimp, the three immune parameters most widely assayed are total haemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity and respiratory burst or superoxide anion (O 2 ÿ ) production [7,8]. The circulating haemocyte or total haemocyte count (THC) of decapod crustaceans plays an important role in regulating the physiological functions and varies with intrinsic or extrinsic factors [9].…”

Influence of selected Indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon with reference to haematological, biochemical and immunological changes

“…Haemocytes play an important role in cellular defence, a lower-than-normal number of circulating haemocytes in crustaceans correlate well with a reduced resistance to pathogens [31,32]. Also Yoganandhan et al [33] observed significant differences of the coagulative time and THC between the WSSV and non-infected P. indicus shrimps.…”

“…Also Yoganandhan et al [33] observed significant differences of the coagulative time and THC between the WSSV and non-infected P. indicus shrimps. The haemocyte count varies among crustacean species and is known to be affected by a variety of factors such as infection and environmental stress [32,34,35]. Maeda et al [36] have observed a decline in total haemocyte count in shrimp infected with penaeid rod-shaped DNA virus.…”