Environmental friendly leaching reagent for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries

Li, Li; Ge, Ji; Chen, Renjie; Wu, Feng; Chen, Shi; Zhang, Xiaoxiao

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.08.008

Cited by 431 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Such a result is similar to previous observations detailed in the literature [23,24], which have demonstrated that the presence of H 2 O 2 in the leach solution only has a positive effect on metal recoveries up to a concentration of 2 vol %. Concentrations >2% (v/v) have a limited impact on the level of metal recovery due to the instability of H 2 O 2 , which tends to undergo enhanced levels of decomposition at higher concentrations, especially when subject to the elevated temperature used in these experiments [25].…”

Section: Leaching In Sulfuric Acid With Different Reducing Agentssupporting

confidence: 92%

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is becoming increasingly important due to the depletion of natural resources and potential pollution from the spent batteries. In this work, different types of acids (2 M citric (C 6 H 8 O 7 ), 1 M oxalic (C 2 H 2 O 4 ), 2 M sulfuric (H 2 SO 4 ), 4 M hydrochloric (HCl), and 1 M nitric (HNO 3 ) acid)) and reducing agents (hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) and ascorbic acid (C 6 H 8 O 6 )) were selected for investigating the recovery of valuable metals from waste LIBs. The crushed and sieved material contained on average 23% (w/w) cobalt, 3% (w/w) lithium, and 1-5% (w/w) nickel, copper, manganese, aluminum, and iron. Results indicated that mineral acids (4 M HCl and 2 M H 2 SO 4 with 1% (v/v) H 2 O 2 ) produced generally higher yields compared with organic acids, with a nearly complete dissolution of lithium, cobalt, and nickel at 25 • C with a slurry density of 5% (w/v). Further leaching experiments carried out with H 2 SO 4 media and different reducing agents with a slurry density of 10% (w/v) show that nearly all of the cobalt and lithium can be leached out in sulfuric acid (2 M) when using C 6 H 8 O 6 as a reducing agent (10% g/g scraps ) at 80 • C.

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Section: Leaching In Sulfuric Acid With Different Reducing Agentssupporting

confidence: 92%

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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“…Hydrometallurgical was used on the basis of its simplicity, environmentally friendly due to waste water and air emission minimization, adequate recovery of valuable metals with high purity and low energy requirements (Li et al, 2010a(Li et al, , 2010bPietrelli et al, 2005). For instance, cobalt-containing slag was treated through hydrometallurgical process by Lain (2002) and Espinosa et al (2004).…”

Section: Hydrometallurgical Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, LiPF 6 decomposed into lithium fluoride and phosphorus pentafluoride during crushing process (Shin et al, 2005). Also, with an enhanced leaching efficiency, mixture of an easily degradable organic acid DL-malic acid and H 2 O 2 was used to recover Co and Li from LiBs (Li et al, 2010a). Instead of DL-malic acid with H 2 O 2 , both Co and Li were effectively recovered using citric acid and H 2 O 2 (Li et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Hydrometallurgical Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Recycling Technologies: Recycling Waste Lithium Ion Batteries with the Impact on the Environment In-View

Bankole¹,

Cheng²,

Lei³

2013

JEE

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This survey is to review the advancement recorded so far in the lithium-ion battery recycling technologies in compliance with environmental laws. Amongst many of the technologies used to date, the best is the use of simple but scale-up dissolution technology involving non-toxic suitable organic solvents that can effectively dissolve toxic binder, PVdF in battery to avoid much pollution. Pollution through the hydrolysis of LiPF 6 from the lithium-ion battery can also be minimized through conversion to useful compounds instead of using Journal of Environment and Ecology

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“…Most research being done in the recycling of lithium-ion batteries uses cells with LiCoO 2 as the cathode active material and focuses on the recovery of cobalt and lithium [15][16][17][18][19][20], with little attention to the copper and aluminum within the cells. The methods used incorporate various acid leaching and hydro-and pyrometallurgical processes [16][17][18][19] and bioleaching techniques [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods used incorporate various acid leaching and hydro-and pyrometallurgical processes [16][17][18][19] and bioleaching techniques [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acid concentration, temperature, and time on recycling of post-vehicle-application lithium-ion batteries of varying chemistries

Corneal

Standridge

2015

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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The purpose of this project was to develop and validate a common process for separating the active materials from the copper and aluminum foils of post-vehicleapplication lithium-ion batteries. Batteries from two different manufacturers were disassembled, and anode and cathode samples were used for recycling testing. The materials tested from a third manufacturer were scraps of coated foils from the manufacturing process that had never been assembled into cells. The cathodes from each manufacturer were aluminum foils with coatings of differing chemistries. The anode foils from each manufacturer were copper with a carbon coating. The process developed used acid baths to separate the active materials from the foils. To allow for separation of the differing active materials (depending on supplier and battery chemistry) from the foils, the acids were selected to react with the aluminum and copper foils. The processes were stopped once sufficient reaction had occurred so that the coatings no longer adhered to the foils. The optimum recycling condition was identified as the lowest acid concentration, the lowest temperature, and the shortest time required for full separation of the coatings from the foils for all cell chemistries (manufacturers). Full separation of the graphite coating from the copper foils of the anodes was achieved within 35 s by using 0.5 mol/L of H 2 SO 4 (sulfuric acid) at 40°C. Full separation of the active materials from the aluminum foils of the cathodes was achieved within 83 s by using 2.0 mol/L of HNO 3 (nitric acid) at 70°C.

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Environmental friendly leaching reagent for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 431 publications

References 27 publications

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Leaching of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Battery Recycling Technologies: Recycling Waste Lithium Ion Batteries with the Impact on the Environment In-View

Effects of acid concentration, temperature, and time on recycling of post-vehicle-application lithium-ion batteries of varying chemistries

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