Environmental Impact and Remediation of Residual Lead and Arsenic Pesticides in Soil

Codling, Eton E.

doi:10.5772/17396

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Nonhome-grown tree fruit was associated with higher BLL (whole cohort, p = 0.036), whereas home-grown tree fruit consumption was associated with lower BLL (UAS gardeners only, p = 0.013). Historically commercial orchards used lead arsenate (PbHAsO 4 ) pesticide treatments (Codling, 2011;Schooley et al, 2008) which could potentially be taken up into crops (Hood, 2006;McBride, 2013). Our finding that consumption of more shrub fruit (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Determinants of blood and saliva lead concentrations in adult gardeners on urban agricultural sites

Bramwell

Morton

Harding

et al. 2021

Environ Geochem Health

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Soil Pb concentrations at urban agriculture sites (UAS) commonly exceed recommended safe levels. There is a lack of evidence regarding uptake of Pb by gardeners using such sites for food crops. Our study aimed to elucidate whether gardening in soil with raised Pb levels results in Pb body burdens of concern to health, and to assess confounding factors influencing Pb body burden. Our cross-sectional case study measured Pb in saliva and blood of UAS gardeners (n = 43), soil and produce samples from their UAS, and home tap water. Blood and saliva Pb concentrations were compared with those from non-UAS gardener controls (n = 29). A health risk threshold of 5 µg dL−1 blood Pb level (BLL) was selected in keeping with international guidance. Detailed surveys investigated individuals’ anthropometrics and potential Pb exposures from diet, and historic and everyday activities. Saliva was not found to be a suitable biomarker of adult Pb exposure in this context. Predictors of higher BLLs were being older, being male and eating more root vegetables and shrub fruit. Eating more green vegetables predicted a lower BLL, suggesting a protective effect against Pb uptake. UAS gardeners’ BLLs (geometric mean 1.53; range 0.6–4.1 µg dL−1) were not significantly higher (p = 0.39) than the control group (geometric mean 1.43; range 0.7–2.9 µg dL−1). All BLLs were below 5 µg dL−1 except one resulting from occupational exposure. Having paired the UAS gardeners with closely matched controls, we found Pb in UAS soils (with range 62–1300 mg kg−1from common urban sources) unlikely to pose an additional risk to adult health compared to their neighbours who did not access UAS. As such, other Pb sources may be the dominant factor controlling BLL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Determinants of blood and saliva lead concentrations in adult gardeners on urban agricultural sites

Bramwell

Morton

Harding

et al. 2021

Environ Geochem Health

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“…Uno de los vectores antrópicos que influyen en la presencia de As soluble en los suelos agrícolas, es la aplicación de fósforo (P) como fertilizante, pues los iones fosfato desplazan a los arseniatos de los sitios de intercambio, convirtiendo a este metaloide en disponible cuando existe agua en los poros del suelo (Yokoyama et al, 2012). Actualmente se utilizan diferentes tecnologías para la remediación de suelos contaminados con metales pesados y metaloides, las cuales se clasif ican en tratamientos térmicos, físico-químicos y biológicos, dentro del cual se encuentra el uso de agentes quelatantes (Codling, 2011). Un quelato es un compuesto químico en el que una molécula orgánica rodea y se enlaza, por medio de los llamados pares de iones enlazantes que dona a un ion metálico, de manera que lo protege de cualquier acción desde el exterior evitando su hidrólisis y precipitación (Perea et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Capacidad quelatante del quitosano sobre el arsénico soluble en dos fluvisoles de una zona árida de México

Martínez-Macias

Segura-Castruita

Orozco-Vidal

et al. 2020

Terra

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El quitosano en perlas y pH ácido (Q) tiene la capacidad de adsorber arsénico (As) del agua. El Q podría adsorber el As que se encuentra en la solución del suelo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la capacidad quelatante del Q ajustado a pH ácido y neutro para disminuir concentración de As soluble en dos Fluvisoles. Para llevar a cabo el experimento se acondicionó Q a dos pH (5 y 7) con la adición de ácido sulfúrico y se dejó Q sin tratar para usarlo como testigo. Se ensayaron cuatro tratamientos (suelos sin Q, con Q sin tratar, con Q ajustado a pH 5 y con Q ajustado a pH 7). Cada tratamiento se condujo por cuadruplicado, haciendo un total de 16 unidades experimentales para cada suelo. Cada unidad experimental consistió de 500 g de suelo empaquetado en una bolsa de plástico, a la cual se le añadió un fertilizante fosfatado (200 mg kg‑1) y se llevó a capacidad de campo, dejándola reposar por 48 h. Al cumplirse el tiempo de reposo, se agregaron a cada bolsa 0.063 g de Q del tratamiento correspondiente y su respectiva réplica, dejándolas en incubación durante 48 h a una temperatura de 25 °C. El diseño experimental empleado fue completamente al azar. A los suelos se les determinó el contenido de As soluble mediante una extracción con agua desionizada y lo extractado se midió por el método de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con generación de hidruros. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de varianza y una prueba de medias (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05). Los resultados demostraron que el quitosano ajustado con ácido sulfúrico a pH 5, (QpH5) adsorbió la mayor cantidad de As soluble (640%). Lo que representa una alternativa de recuperación de suelos contaminados con As.

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Relationship of Arsenic and Lead in Soil with Fruit and Leaves of Apple Trees at Selected Orchards in Michigan

Cao

Bourquin

2020

Journal of Food Protection

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Historically, lead arsenate pesticides were commonly used in fruit orchards. Residues of metals from this historical use can persist in soil for decades, which can result in potential risk for humans if they consume fruits grown on contaminated soil. This research was conducted to assess lead and arsenic levels in apples, leaves, and orchard soil where the apples were grown to determine the relationship between metal levels in fruits and fruit products with those in orchard soil. Soil and tree tissue samples were collected from several Michigan farms, and metal concentrations were quantified by using microwave extraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm at a distance of 1 m from the tree trunk. Fruit samples also were processed into juice and pomace fractions to assess the partitioning of arsenic and lead during juice processing. The lead concentration was significantly higher in topsoil (9.4 μg/kg) compared with subsoil (6.9 μg/kg), but the arsenic content did not differ between the two soil layers (P > 0.05). Lead concentrations in apple leaves were correlated with lead in topsoil (0 to 20 cm; P = 0.03). Concentrations of total arsenic in all juice samples were less than 1 μg/kg and showed less potential than lead for uptake and translocation to fruits. There was no significant relationship between soil arsenic content and total arsenic concentrations in juice, pomace, and leaf samples (P > 0.05). Results of this research indicate that lead and total arsenic concentrations in apples and apple products from these selected orchards in Michigan are unlikely to be impacted by the contamination of these metals in orchard soil. HIGHLIGHTS

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Environmental Impact and Remediation of Residual Lead and Arsenic Pesticides in Soil

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Determinants of blood and saliva lead concentrations in adult gardeners on urban agricultural sites

Determinants of blood and saliva lead concentrations in adult gardeners on urban agricultural sites

Capacidad quelatante del quitosano sobre el arsénico soluble en dos fluvisoles de una zona árida de México

Relationship of Arsenic and Lead in Soil with Fruit and Leaves of Apple Trees at Selected Orchards in Michigan

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