Environmental impact and site-specific human health risks of chromium in the vicinity of a ferro-alloy manufactory, China

Wang, Zhenxing; Chen, Jian-qun; Chai, Liyuan; Yang, Zhihui; Huang, Shunhong; Zheng, Yu

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.039

Cited by 101 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Bioaccessibility and environmental impact aspects of chromium have been discussed by, for example, [9][10][11]. Dissolution studies concerning chromium-containing materials like chromium carbide and chromium nitride are, however, much scarcer and have not been performed with the purpose to evaluate interactions with the environment or the human body [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Stability of Chromium Carbide and Chromium Nitride Powders Compared with Chromium Metal in Synthetic Biological Solutions

2012

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Chromium carbide (Cr-C) and chromium nitride (Cr-N) powders were compared with a chromium metal powder (Cr-metal) to evaluate their chemical stability in solution. All three powders were exposed in five different synthetic biological solutions of varying pH and chemical composition simulating selected human exposure conditions. Characterisation of the powders, using GI-XRD, revealed that the predominant bulk crystalline phases were Cr7C3 and Cr2N for Cr-C and Cr-N respectively. The outermost surface of Cr-C, determined by XPS, contained Cr7C3 and Cr2O3 and the corresponding measurement on Cr-N revealed Cr2N and CrN apart from Cr2O3. The presence of Cr2O3 was verified by XPS investigations of the Cr-metal powder. The mean particle size was similar for Cr-metal and Cr-N but slightly smaller for Cr-C. All three powders were poorly soluble and released very low amounts of chromium (<0.00015 μg Cr/μg loaded particles) independent on test solution. Slightly higher chromium concentrations were determined in the more acidic media (pH 1.7 and 4.5) compared with the near-neutral solutions (pH 7.2 and 7.4). Cr-C released the lowest amount of Cr despite having the largest surface area a feature attributed to the strong covalent bonds within the matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Stability of Chromium Carbide and Chromium Nitride Powders Compared with Chromium Metal in Synthetic Biological Solutions

2012

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“…Hunan Province is regarded as the heartland of Chinese non-ferrous mining, with thousands of non-ferrous mining and smelting plants located in this area [14]. Among them, the town of Qingjiang within the city of Chenzhou is one of the typical Pb-Zn ore-mining areas that has had a long history of Pb-Zn mining activities since the Qing Dynasty.…”

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confidence: 99%

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from a Typical Pb-Zn Mining Area

Huang¹,

Yuan²,

Li³

et al. 2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…The cancer risk was assessed on the enriched elements (As, Cd, and Cr) classified as carcinogenic (Fishbein, 1984;Kyle et al, 2011;US EPA, 1998;Smith and Steinmaus, 2009;Wang et al, 2011). Health risk posed by enriched heavy metals (As, Cd, and Cr) Wedepohl, 1995 U fell into the criteria of risk assessment, but naturally occurring U contains three isotopes, 238 U, 235 U, and 234 U so the carcinogenic risk depends on the different radiological properties of these isotopes (Eisenbud and Gesell, 1997). It was outside the scope of this work to assess the excess lifetime cancer risk for uranium.…”

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confidence: 99%

Health risk posed by enriched heavy metals (As, Cd, and Cr) in airborne particles from Witwatersrand gold tailings

Maseki

Annegarn

Spiers

2017

J. South. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

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Severe episodes of windblown dust from mine tailings storage facilities (TSFs) are a common phenomenon on the Witwatersrand, especially during the spring windy season. For communities around TSFs, such events pose health and environmental challenges. This paper reports on health risk assessment using US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) risk assessment methods for heavy metal elements in windblown dust from TSFs on the central and east Witwatersrand. Samples of surface material from these TSFs were analysed for heavy metal content using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). From a range of 30 heavy metals analysed, only As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and U were enriched by a factor of two or more above the average crustal composition and at concentrations that could be of possible health concern-elements present in the range of a few parts per billion (ppb) or lower were ignored. As, Cd, Cr, Pb and U were selected for a comprehensive risk assessment from exposure through airborne routes, mainly considering inhalation and ingestion. Ambient exposures were based on a worst-case measured episode of 540 μg m -3 (24-hour average), which was projected over each day of an annual exposure for the hours for which the wind speed was above the threshold for dust generation. US EPA risk assessment methods were used to determine the inhalation and ingestion hazard quotients and hazard indices for adults and children. The sum of the hazard indices was assessed to be below the non-cancer benchmark (hazard indices 1.0) considered to be acceptable for a lifetime exposure. The total risk for both exposures (inhalation and the ingestion) was within the range of 1 per 1 000 000 to 100 per 1 000 000-taken as 'acceptable risk' by the US EPA for adults and children. These results represent the first quantitative health risk assessment of the hazard posed by heavy metals in windblown mine tailings dust on the Witwatersrand goldfield. mine tailings, dust, airborne particles, health risk, inhalation, ingestion heavy metals, arsenic, cadmium, chromium.

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Environmental impact and site-specific human health risks of chromium in the vicinity of a ferro-alloy manufactory, China

Cited by 101 publications

References 30 publications

Chemical Stability of Chromium Carbide and Chromium Nitride Powders Compared with Chromium Metal in Synthetic Biological Solutions

Chemical Stability of Chromium Carbide and Chromium Nitride Powders Compared with Chromium Metal in Synthetic Biological Solutions

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from a Typical Pb-Zn Mining Area

Health risk posed by enriched heavy metals (As, Cd, and Cr) in airborne particles from Witwatersrand gold tailings

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