Environmental Kuznets curves: New evidence on both panel and country-level CO2 emissions

Apergis, Nicholas

doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2015.12.007

Cited by 328 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Galeotti et al, 2009;He and Richard, 2010;Hamit-Haggar, 2012;Apergis, 2016). However, it is inconsistent with the findings by Day and Grafton (2003) Table 6.…”

Section: Empirical Results and Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

The CO 2 –growth nexus revisited: A nonparametric analysis for the G7 economies over nearly two centuries

et al. 2017

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Using a two-century long dataset and some recently popularized nonparametric econometric techniques, this study revisits the nexus between economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions for the G7 countries over nearly two centuries. The use of nonparametric modelling is warranted by the fact that long historical time series are often subject to structural breaks and other forms of nonlinearity over the course of time. We employ nonparametric cointegration and causality tests along with the cross-validated Local Linear technique analysis and validate the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve in six of the G7 countries -Canada, France, Germany, Italy, U.K. and the U.S.-and the only exception is Japan. Our empirical analysis also finds CO 2 emissions and economic growth to be cointegrated and closely interrelated in the Granger sense. Our results are robust and highlight the nonlinear causal relationship between the two variables.JEL Classification: C14, Q5.

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“…Galeotti et al, 2009;He and Richard, 2010;Hamit-Haggar, 2012;Apergis, 2016). However, it is inconsistent with the findings by Day and Grafton (2003) Table 6.…”

Section: Empirical Results and Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

The CO 2 –growth nexus revisited: A nonparametric analysis for the G7 economies over nearly two centuries

et al. 2017

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“…Ajmi, Hammoudeh, Nguyen, and Sato () consider annual data from 1960 to 2010 – per capita energy consumption, economic development (real GDP per capita) and CO₂ emissions – for the G7 countries excluding Germany, and claim the non‐existence of the EKC since they find evidence of cubic N‐shaped (UK) and inverted N‐shaped (Italy and Japan) relationships between CO₂ emissions and real GDP per capita. Apergis () uses panel and time‐series based methods of cointegration for a dataset of EU13 countries from 1960 to 2013. The empirical results are mixed with both panel and time‐series techniques.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable development, environmental policy and renewable energy use: A dynamic panel data approach

Fotis¹,

Polemis

2018

Sustainable Development

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The aim of this paper is to cast light on the relationship between sustainable development environmental policy and renewable energy use. We utilize a dynamic GMM approach over a panel of 34 European Union (EU) countries spanning the period 2005-2013. Our findings reveal a positive monotonic relationship between development and pollution. Energy saving positively affects environmental degradation, while energy intensity increases air pollution. Our findings imply important policy implications to policy makers toward sustainability. Despite the fact that the Europe "20-20-20" climate and energy package strategy seems to be achieved, the recently adopted Energy Roadmap 2050 must be updated on regular basis in order to be effectively implemented and monitored by government officials and firms' stakeholders. Therefore, we argue that EU countries must increase the use of new technology and renewable energy capacity in order to align environmental policies towards more efficient energy use and sustainable development among the EU periphery.

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“…Moreover, in contrast to the existing literature (see for example Omri et al , ) it utilizes the appropriate ‘second generation’ panel unit root tests in order to uncover possible cointegrated relationships, an issue that has been overlooked by the existing empirical literature on EKC. The reason for using this kind of unit root testing can be justified by the fact that traditional stationarity tests (known as ‘first generation’ tests) suffer from size distortions and ignorance of CD (Apergis, ). The empirical findings do indicate that local (NO x per capita emissions) and global pollutants (CO 2 per capita emissions) redefine the validity of the EKC hypothesis when we account for the presence of financial development indicators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Financial Development Affect Environmental Degradation? Evidence from the OECD Countries

Halkos

Polemis

2017

Bus Strat Env

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In this study, building a simple model that incorporates static and dynamic elements, the relationship of financial development and economic growth to environmental degradation is investigated together with the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Our analysis is based on an unbalanced panel data set covering the OECD countries over the period 1970–2014. Our approach thoroughly accounts for the presence of cross‐sectional dependence between the sample variables and utilizes second generation panel unit root tests in order to investigate possible cointegration relationships. The empirical findings do indicate that local (NOx per capita emissions) and global (CO2 per capita emissions) pollutants redefine the EKC hypothesis when we account for the presence of financial development indicators. Specifically, in the case of global pollution an N‐shape relationship is evident in both static and dynamic frameworks, with a very slow adjustment. Lastly, our study calls for a strengthening of the effectiveness of environmental degradation policies by ensuring sustainability of the OECD banking system in order to drastically reduce emissions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

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Environmental Kuznets curves: New evidence on both panel and country-level CO2 emissions

Cited by 328 publications

References 35 publications

The CO 2 –growth nexus revisited: A nonparametric analysis for the G7 economies over nearly two centuries

The CO 2 –growth nexus revisited: A nonparametric analysis for the G7 economies over nearly two centuries

Sustainable development, environmental policy and renewable energy use: A dynamic panel data approach

Does Financial Development Affect Environmental Degradation? Evidence from the OECD Countries

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