Environmental Lead in Mexico, 1990–2002

Flores, Julio; Albert, Lilia A.

doi:10.1007/0-387-21733-9_2

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Lead contamination among children is a much bigger problem in Mexico than in the U.S. 13 In Mexico, the use of leadglazed ceramics and traditional remedies that contain lead have been implicated in lead exposure in children. 12 We also found that the language spoken at home was a significant and independent predictor of higher BLLs. To our knowledge, this is the first time in the published literature that language has been described in association with BLLs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…11 For example, Mexican children are known to have high rates of significant lead exposure. 12 In one study conducted in Oaxaca, Mexico, 55% of school-aged children had BLLs of 10 µg/dL or higher. 13 In this study, we examined patterns of lead exposure among Mexican-American children living in the United States using data from a nationally representative health survey and examination study.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Blood Lead Levels among Mexican-American Children and Adolescents in the United States

2005

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1 to 17 years. The main study outcome measures included a continuous measure (µg/dL) of BLL and two dichotomous measures of BLL (Ն5 µg/dL and Ն10 µg/dL).Results. The mean BLL among Mexican-American children in the United States was 3.45 µg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.07, 3.87); 20% had BLL Ն5 µg/dL (95% CI 15%, 24%); and 4% had BLL Ն10 µg/dL (95% CI 2%, 6%). In multivariate analyses, gender, age, generational status, home language, family income, education of head of household, age of housing, and source of drinking water were statistically significant independent predictors (pϽ0.05) of having higher BLLs and of having BLL Ն5 µg/dL, whereas age, family income, housing age, and source of drinking water were significant predictors (pϽ0.05) of having BLL Ն10 µg/dL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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confidence: 99%

Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Blood Lead Levels among Mexican-American Children and Adolescents in the United States

2005

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“…Due to its widespread use and because of its abundance, it is one of the metals of concern for public and environmental health in Mexico (Flores and Albert 2004). It is released into the environment from natural and anthropogenic sources and, though it might have accumulated in previous years in lagoon sediments from Pb-added gasoline emissions, other likely important sources are the contributions from the mineral-rich soils of the Sierra Madre Occidental.…”

Section: Comparisons Between Lagoonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in Mugil cephalus from seven coastal lagoons of NW Mexico

Frías-Espericueta

Osuna-López

Jiménez-Vega

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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The increasing order of the mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in the tissues of Mugil cephalus of seven coastal lagoons of Sinaloa State (NW Mexico) was liver > gills > muscle, while for Pb it was gills > muscle ≥ liver. There were no differences between the mean concentrations of Cd and Pb of the three tissues determined in the samples of the seven lagoons and, although there were some significant differences, there was no indication of a latitude-related trend in the distribution of Cu and Zn: the Cu content of the muscle tended to be higher in the northern than in the southern lagoons, although in the case of the gills the highest and lowest mean values indicated an opposite trend, with the highest and lowest values in one southern and one northern lagoon. In the case of the liver, there were no differences and no indication of a regional trend. There were no differences in the mean Zn contents of muscle and gills; in the case of the liver, one of the lagoons of the central part of the state had a significantly higher value than one of the southern lagoons and all the rest had similar values. In addition, there was no clear indication of season-related differences in any of the three tissues. According to our results, the metal contents of the muscle of this species are not of concern for human health, since the allowable ingestion would be in the order of 0.9 kg/day.

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“…A clear example would be its elimination as a detonation suppressant in gasoline, measure that has contributed to a reduction in the blood lead level (BLL) (Rothenberg et al 1998, Flores andAlbert 2004). On the other hand, the manufacture of glazed clay containers using lead-based enamels is regulated in Mexico by the NOM-231- SSA1-2002(SSA 2002 and NOM-004-SSA1-2013(SSA 2013, besides for the past twenty years the use of free-lead enamels has been promoted, unfortunately there are potters who are not using them (Fonart and Blacksmith Institute 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Exposure: Pottery Impact in Tlaxcala, Mexico

Ortiz-Ortiz

García-Nieto

Juárez-Santacruz

et al. 2017

Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie.

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The objective of this work was to assess the blood lead level in paired samples of pottery-glaze workers to confirm the LeadCare ® II System (LCS) reliability using this device in the general population, and quantify this metal in cooked food in lead-glazed containers. The blood lead measurement in pottery-glaze workers was carried out by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and the LCS. this last method was also used in the general population. The food lead level was quantified through GFAAS. The paired data showed a significant correlation (r = 0.976, p < 0.001), a mean difference of 3.3 µg/dL with limits of agreement between -2.4 to 9 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.928. These results indicate a good concordance between both methods. The blood lead median of 32.0 µg/dL and interquartile range (IQR) of 16.1 was higher in the pottery-glaze workers than in the general population (children = 5.4 µg/dL, IQR = 5.9 and adults = 8.3 µg/dL, IQR = 2.7). Lead in food exceeded the maximum level considered in the Codex alimentarius. Pottery persists as a potential risk in the Tlaxcala State population.Palabras clave: sangre, alimentos, alfareros, niños, sistema LeadCare II RESUMENEl objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el nivel de plomo sanguíneo en muestras pareadas de alfareros para confirmar la confiabilidad del sistema LeadCare II (SLC) empleando este dispositivo en la población general, y cuantificar este metal en alimentos cocinados en recipientes de barro vidriado. La medición de plomo en sangre de los alfareros, se realizó por espectrometría de absorción atómica con horno de grafito (EAAHG) y el SLC, este último método fue utilizado también en la población general. El nivel de plomo en alimentos fue cuantificado por EAAHG. Los datos pareados mostraron una correlación significativa (r = 0.976, p < 0.001), una diferencia media de 3.3 µg/dL Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie. 33 (1) 57-64, 2017 DOI: 10.20937/RICA.2017 E. Ortiz-Ortiz et al. 58con límites de concordancia de -2.4 a 9 y un coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0.928; esos resultados indican concordancia entre los métodos. La mediana de plomo sanguíneo de 32.0 µg/dL y el rango intercuartílico (RIC) de 16.1 fue superior en los alfareros que en la población general (niños = 5.4 µg/dL, RIC = 5.9 y adultos = 8.3 µg/dL, RIC = 2.7). La concentración de plomo en el alimento superó el nivel máximo que contempla el Codex alimentarius. La alfarería persiste como un riesgo potencial en la población Tlaxcalteca.

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Environmental Lead in Mexico, 1990–2002

Cited by 19 publications

References 62 publications

Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Blood Lead Levels among Mexican-American Children and Adolescents in the United States

Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Blood Lead Levels among Mexican-American Children and Adolescents in the United States

Cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in Mugil cephalus from seven coastal lagoons of NW Mexico

Lead Exposure: Pottery Impact in Tlaxcala, Mexico

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