Environmental mobility of trace elements present in dusts emitted from Zn–Pb metallurgical processes

Adamczyk, Zdzisław; Nowińska, Katarzyna

doi:10.1007/s12665-016-5765-4

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A much higher content of this element in dusts from non-ferrous metallurgical processes is justified because of its content in Zn-Pb ores being a raw material. The results are comparable with Cd content (3.89%) in dust from a sintering machine of the zinc smelting plant obtained by Adamczyk and Nowińska [29] and in contrast to the dusts collected from electric arc furnaces, in which Cd content amounted only to 40 mg/kg [42]. Similarly, the content of zinc and lead is slightly higher for dusts from non-ferrous metallurgical processes.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Another characteristic minerals found in these dusts are zincite, anglesite, and lanarkite. The most common studies have described the zinc oxide phases in the form of zincite [54,55] and various sulfide and sulfate phases of lead and zinc [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification of the particular iron-bearing minerals formed during thermal transformations is a problem of scientific and technical importance. There are studies on dust emissions from iron and steel metallurgy or non-ferrous metal plants, but they were treated independently [27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogical and Chemical Specificity of Dusts Originating from Iron and Non-Ferrous Metallurgy in the Light of Their Magnetic Susceptibility

et al. 2021

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This study aims at detailed characteristics and comparison between dusts from various iron and non-ferrous metal production processes in order to identify individual mineral phases, chemical composition, and their influence on the values of magnetic susceptibility. Various analytical methods used include inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy integrated with magnetic susceptibility measurements and thermomagnetic analysis. Metallurgical wastes that have arisen at different production stages of iron and non-ferrous steel are subjected to investigation. The analyzed dust samples from the iron and non-ferrous metallurgy differ in terms of magnetic susceptibility as well as their mineral and chemical composition. The research confirmed the presence of many very different mineral phases. In particular, interesting phases have been observed in non-ferrous dust, for example challacolloite, which was found for the first time in the dusts of non-ferrous metallurgy. Other characteristic minerals found in non-ferrous metallurgy dusts are zincite, anglesite, and lanarkite, while dusts of iron metallurgy contain mostly metallic iron and iron-bearing minerals (magnetite, hematite, franklinite, jacobsite, and wüstite), but also significant amounts of zincite and calcite.

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Section: Chemical Compositionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogical and Chemical Specificity of Dusts Originating from Iron and Non-Ferrous Metallurgy in the Light of Their Magnetic Susceptibility

et al. 2021

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“…Hence, it was inferred that the process entailed roasting of Sb 2 S 3 with sulfur-fixing and reductant to yield Sb metal and other sulfides at low temperature, following which the solid roasted products could be separated by beneficiation. Meanwhile, Pb and Zn smelters entail the production of large quantities of secondary ZnO ash (ZnO > 70%) [20,21], which are low in value and cannot return to the hydrometallurgical process of Zn because of corrosion compositions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase and Morphology Transformations in Sulfur-Fixing and Reduction Roasting of Antimony Sulfide

Ouyang

Tang

et al. 2019

Metals

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Metallurgical extraction of antimony (Sb) currently has the limitations of high energy consumption and adverse environmental impact. In this study, we proposed a cleaning process to extract Sb by metallurgy and beneficiation based on S-fixing and reduction roasting of Sb2S3. Metallic Sb can be obtained directly by using zinc oxide (ZnO) and carbon as sulfur-fixing and reducing agents, respectively, at 600–1000 °C, wherein S is fixed in the form of ZnS. The thermodynamic feasibility of the process of roasting and the effects of a range of process parameters on Sb generation were investigated comprehensively. The optimum conditions for metallic Sb generation were determined to be as follows: temperature of 800 °C, C powder size of 100–150 mesh, ZnO content of 1.1 times its stoichiometric requirement (α), and reaction time of 2 h. Under the optimum conditions, the proportion of Sb distributed in the metal phase reached 90.44% and the S-fixing rate reached 94.86%. The phase transformation of Sb progressed as follows: Sb2S3→Sb2O3→Sb. The Sb particle had mainly spherical and hexahedral morphologies after quenching and furnace cooling, and bonded little with ZnS. This research is potentially beneficial for the further design process of Sb powder and ZnS recovery by mineral separation.

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“…Then the Sb 2 O 3 can be engaged in the reducing process by the current reverberatory furnace process. Meanwhile, a large amount of zinc oxide (ZnO) ash was produced in lead and zinc smelter [19][20], and its main component was ZnO (>70%) while contained fluorine (>0.2%) and chlorine (>0.3%). If it is directly returned to the hydrometallurgy of zinc, it will cause the plate corrosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic and kinetics analysis of the sulfur-fixed roasting of antimony sulfide using ZnO as sulfur-fixing agent

Ouyang

Chen

Tian

et al. 2018

J min metall B Metall

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Currently, the commercial antimony metallurgy is mainly based on pyrometallurgical processes and oxidative volatilization of Sb 2 S 3 is an essential step. This step includes the problems of high energy consumption and low concentration of SO 2 pollution. Aiming at these problems, we present a new method of sulfur-fixing roasting of antimony sulfide. This method uses ZnO as a sulfur-fixing agent, and roasting with Sb 2 S 3 was carried out at 673 K~1073 K to produce Sb 2 O 3 and ZnS. By calculating the thermodynamics of the reactions, we can conclude that the Gibbs Free Energy Change (ΔG θ ) of roasting reaction is below -60 kJ/mol and the predominance areas of Sb 2 O 3 and ZnS are wide and right shifting with the temperature increase, which all indicates that this method is theoretically feasible. The reacted products between Sb 2 S 3 and ZnO indicated that the reaction began at 773 K and finished approximately at 973K. We used the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Kissinger and Coats-Redfern method to calculate the kinetics of the roasting reaction. The conclusion is as follows: The average values of apparent activation energy (E) and natural logarithmic frequency factor (lnA) calculated by Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Kissinger and Coats-Redfern were 189.72 kJ·mol -1 and 35.29 s -1 , respectively. The mechanism of this reaction was phase boundary reaction model . The kinetic equation is shown as follow, where α represents reaction fraction:

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Environmental mobility of trace elements present in dusts emitted from Zn–Pb metallurgical processes

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Mineralogical and Chemical Specificity of Dusts Originating from Iron and Non-Ferrous Metallurgy in the Light of Their Magnetic Susceptibility

Mineralogical and Chemical Specificity of Dusts Originating from Iron and Non-Ferrous Metallurgy in the Light of Their Magnetic Susceptibility

Phase and Morphology Transformations in Sulfur-Fixing and Reduction Roasting of Antimony Sulfide

Thermodynamic and kinetics analysis of the sulfur-fixed roasting of antimony sulfide using ZnO as sulfur-fixing agent

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