Environmental Monitoring: Noninvasive Featherlight Wearable Compliant “Marine Skin”: Standalone Multisensory System for Deep‐Sea Environmental Monitoring (Small 10/2019)

Shaikh, Sohail F.; Mazo-Mantilla, Harold F.; Qaiser, Nadeem; Khan, Sherjeel M.; Nassar, Joanna M.; Geraldi, Nathan R.; Duarte, Carlos M.; Hussain, Muhammad Mustafa

doi:10.1002/smll.201970051

Small

2019

DOI: 10.1002/smll.201970051

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Environmental Monitoring: Noninvasive Featherlight Wearable Compliant “Marine Skin”: Standalone Multisensory System for Deep‐Sea Environmental Monitoring (Small 10/2019)

Sohail F. Shaikh

Harold F. Mazo-Mantilla

Nadeem Qaiser

et al.

Abstract: In article number https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201804385, Muhammad M. Hussain and co‐workers demonstrate an advanced version of the marine skin; a physically compliant standalone biocompatible sensory system for monitoring of marine environment, fully operational at a depth of 2 km continuously for 6 weeks with convenient jacket architecture and may operate up to 1 year. This wearable system is worn by stingrays and sharks for deep sea testing.

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…Figure depicts the fabrication process flow of the membrane in addition to an optical image of the membrane (Figure S2). It is worth noting that the processes of coating/curing and etching of such a PI-based layer using RIE has been previously demonstrated by our group. , …”

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Flexible Nanoporous Template for the Design and Development of Reusable Anti-COVID-19 Hydrophobic Face Masks

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Since the outbreak of the severe respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), the use of face masks has become ubiquitous worldwide to control the rapid spread of this pandemic. As a result, the world is currently facing a face mask shortage, and some countries have placed limits on the number of masks that can be bought by each person. Although the surgical grade N95 mask provides the highest level of protection currently available, its filtration efficiency for sub-300 nm particles is around 85% due to its wider pore size (∼300 nm). Because the COVID-19 virus shows a diameter of around 65–125 nm, there is a need for developing more efficient masks. To overcome these issues, we demonstrate the development of a flexible, nanoporous membrane to achieve a reusable N95 mask with a replaceable membrane and enhanced filtration efficiency. We first developed a flexible nanoporous Si-based template on a silicon-on-insulator wafer using KOH etching and then used the template as a hard mask during a reactive ion etching process to transfer the patterns onto a flexible and lightweight (<0.12 g) polymeric membrane. Pores with sizes down to 5 nm were achieved with a narrow distribution. Theoretical calculations show that airflow rates above 85 L/min are possible through the mask, which confirms its breathability over a wide range of pore sizes, densities, membrane thicknesses, and pressure drops. Finally, the membrane is intrinsically hydrophobic, which contributes to antifouling and self-cleaning as a result of droplets rolling and sliding on the inclined mask area.

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Flexible Nanoporous Template for the Design and Development of Reusable Anti-COVID-19 Hydrophobic Face Masks

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Laser‐Printed, Flexible Graphene Pressure Sensors

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While the outstanding properties of graphene have attracted a lot of attention, one of the major bottlenecks of its widespread usage is its availability in large volumes. Laser printing graphene on polyimide films is an efficient single‐step fabrication process that can remedy this issue. A laser‐printed, flexible pressure sensor is developed utilizing the piezoresistive effect of 3D porous graphene. The pressure sensors performance can be easily adjusted via the geometrical parameters. They have a sensitivity in the range of 1.23 × 10−3 kPa and feature a high resolution with a detection limit of 10 Pa in combination with an extremely wide dynamic range of at least 20 MPa. They also provide excellent long‐term stability of at least 15 000 cycles. The biocompatibility of laser‐induced graphene is also evaluated by cytotoxicity assays and fluorescent staining, which show an insignificant drop in viability. Polymethyl methacrylate coating is particularly useful for underwater applications, protecting the sensors from biofouling and shunt currents, and enable operation at a depth of 2 km in highly saline Red Sea water. Due to its features, the sensors are a prime choice for multiple healthcare applications; for example, they are used for heart rate monitoring, plantar pressure measurements, and tactile sensing.

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Environmental Monitoring: Noninvasive Featherlight Wearable Compliant “Marine Skin”: Standalone Multisensory System for Deep‐Sea Environmental Monitoring (Small 10/2019)

Cited by 2 publications

References 32 publications

Flexible Nanoporous Template for the Design and Development of Reusable Anti-COVID-19 Hydrophobic Face Masks

Flexible Nanoporous Template for the Design and Development of Reusable Anti-COVID-19 Hydrophobic Face Masks

Laser‐Printed, Flexible Graphene Pressure Sensors

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