Environmental Physiology and Crop Growth

Fick, Gary W.; Holt, Dennis A.; Lugg, D. G.

doi:10.2134/agronmonogr29.c5

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…However, N application had no effect on NDF concentration in 2015. The greater ADF and NDF concentrations observed in 2015 could be due to drought and high‐temperature conditions, which can increase leaf senescence and lignification (Fick et al, 1988). Year × time of harvest interaction had an effect ( P = 0.05) on switchgrass lignin concentration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Effects on Switchgrass Herbage Mass, Nutritive Value and Nutrient Removal

2017

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Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) can provide summer forage when forage production from cool‐season grasses is limited. This experiment was conducted over two growing seasons (2014 and 2015) to determine nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rate and time of harvest effect on switchgrass herbage mass, nutritive value, and nutrient removal. Treatments consisted of a split‐plot arrangement of five N rates (0, 45, 80, 135, and 180 kg ha−1) applied annually as main plots and harvest time (harvested in July for forage or October for biomass) as subplots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nitrogen rate × time of harvest interaction had no effect on herbage mass or nutritive value. Increasing N application rates increased herbage mass, crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and neutral detergent fiber concentrations, but not acid detergent fiber. A quadratic function described the relationship between herbage mass and N rate, with maximum yield occurring at 151 kg N ha−1. The economic optimum N rates ranged from 90 to 120 kg N ha−1 and depend on switchgrass hay price and N fertilizer costs. Generally, herbage mass was greater for switchgrass harvested for biomass, but nutritive value and nutrient removal were greater when switchgrass was harvested for forage. Switchgrass herbage mass and nutrient removal were greater in 2014 than in 2015. Our findings showed that N fertilizer rates for switchgrass under rain‐fed conditions need to be adjusted on the basis of expected herbage mass produced, hay value, and prior year N removal rates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Effects on Switchgrass Herbage Mass, Nutritive Value and Nutrient Removal

2017

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“…Bermudagrass roots in this 23-year-old pasture probably extend deeper into the soil, allowing bermudagrass access to deeper soil moisture and to be more competitive than alfalfa. Growth of alfalfa has an optimum mean daily temperature near 20°C (Fick et al, 1988), whereas bermudagrass optimum growth is near 30°C (Schmidt and Blaser, 1969).…”

Section: Botanical Composition and Forage Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Alfalfa Sod‐Seeded into Bermudagrass Pastures on Coastal Plain Soils

Corriher-Olson¹,

Rouquette²,

Smith³

et al. 2016

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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“…Further, we did not observe induced flowering in plants that were kept for 3 years in our SD conditions, suggesting that LD-dependence of this cultivar of alfalfa is strict. Besides flowering time, day length also conditioned plant architecture, and plants grown in SD presented a bush-like phenotype and also reduced height/node ratio ( Figure S2), which is characteristic of alfalfa plants that grow at reduced rates under shorter photoperiods and lower temperatures (Fick et al, 1988).…”

Section: Photoperiodic Induction Of Flowering In Medicago Sativa CV Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both LD and warmer temperatures are important cues to induce flowering in alfalfa (Fick et al, 1988). Given that a role for CO is likely not conserved in alfalfa (Wong et al, 2014), but roles for FT-like genes probably are, we choose this latter family for further investigation.…”

Section: Functional Characterization Of Msft Homologuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is so because after flowering onset, there is a major reallocation of photosynthetic resources from leaves to the new reproductive structures (Ruan et al, 2012). Additionally, transition to flowering comes alongside an increase in tissue lignification (Wang et al, 2013) and an increase in the ratio of stem to leaf tissue; the quality of stem tissue decreases with maturity whereas the quality of leaf tissue is relatively more stable (Fick et al, 1988;Kalu and Fick, 1981). The losses of forage quality can reach about 45% in relative feed value upon flowering (Bosworth and Stringer, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement of alfalfa forage quality and management through the down‐regulation of MsFTa1

Lorenzo

García‐Gagliardi

Antonietti

et al. 2019

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Summary Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops worldwide. As a perennial, alfalfa is cut several times each year. Farmers face a dilemma: if cut earlier, forage nutritive value is much higher but regrowth is affected and the longevity of the stand is severely compromised. On the other hand, if alfalfa is cut later at full flower, stands persist longer and more biomass may be harvested, but the nutritive value diminishes. Alfalfa is a strict long‐day plant. We reasoned that by manipulating the response to photoperiod, we could delay flowering to improve forage quality and widen each harvesting window, facilitating management. With this aim, we functionally characterized the FLOWERING LOCUS T family of genes, represented by five members: MsFTa1, MsFTa2, MsFTb1, MsFTb2 and MsFTc. The expression of MsFTa1 correlated with photoperiodic flowering and its down‐regulation led to severe delayed flowering. Altogether, with late flowering, low expression of MsFTa1 led to changes in plant architecture resulting in increased leaf to stem biomass ratios and forage digestibility. By manipulating photoperiodic flowering, we were able to improve the quality of alfalfa forage and management, which may allow farmers to cut alfalfa of high nutritive value without compromising stand persistence.

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Environmental Physiology and Crop Growth

Cited by 39 publications

References 140 publications

Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Effects on Switchgrass Herbage Mass, Nutritive Value and Nutrient Removal

Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Effects on Switchgrass Herbage Mass, Nutritive Value and Nutrient Removal

Persistence of Alfalfa Sod‐Seeded into Bermudagrass Pastures on Coastal Plain Soils

Improvement of alfalfa forage quality and management through the down‐regulation of MsFTa1

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