Environmental Protection Policy

Abstract

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Environmental policy implementation during the economic crisis: an analysis of European member state ‘leader-laggard’ dynamics

“…Since then, a broad and blossoming literature (e.g. Rehbinder and Stewart, 1985;Pridham, 1994;Jänicke, 2005;Liefferink et al, 2009;Knill et al, 2012;Börzel, 2017) has emerged. The main scope of this literature was an assessment of variations in the development of environmental policy, the speed of adoption of policies, the regulatory tools and strictness, and policy achievements such as environmental quality at the international level over time (Knill et al, 2012:36).…”

The Structure And Dynamics Of Eu Federalism

“…In the EU, the fragmentation of power between the Commission, Council, and EP, and between member states within the Council, have encouraged the enactment of legislation that often specifies in great detail goals member states must achieve, deadlines they must meet, and procedures they must follow (Prechal, 1995, pp. 15-18, 109-113;Rehbinder & Stewart, 1985). The EP favors strict enforcement of EU law, and it favors inflexible, detailed laws that both limit member state discretion and encourage the Commission to take enforcement actions (Dehousse, 1992, p. 392).…”

Regulatory Federalism: EU Environmental Regulation in Comparative Perspective

“…(Krämer 1995:143) Second, the Commission's approach fails to provide complainants with any form of legal certainty, as infringement procedures are not subject to judicial or administrative review. (Krämer 1996;Macrory 1992;Rehbinder and Stewart 1985) As a high-ranking DGXI official put it, ''Deciding when to bring a case is an art.'' 20 After a case has been initiated, the Commission retains complete discretion over if and when to proceed with a case or to drop it.…”