Environmental regulation and CO2 emissions: Based on strategic interaction of environmental governance

Environmental Regulation, Outward Foreign Direct Investment, and Low-Carbon Innovation: An Empirical Study Based on Provincial Spatial Panel Data in China

“…Nonetheless, China's policies and measures for environmental regulation are more diversified, the relevant data are difficult to obtain, and the data quality is comparatively weak. However, local governments, the implementing body of environmental regulation, have gigantic control over resources and become powerful [54]. As a consequence, local governments have strategic interaction and appear "race to the bottom," decreasing environmental supervision standards at the cost of the environment [55].…”

“…As a consequence, local governments have strategic interaction and appear "race to the bottom," decreasing environmental supervision standards at the cost of the environment [55]. Much worse, "diversified competition" between governments may happen, because some governments are likely to strengthen or loosen environmental regulation intensity, while others do not [54]. Meanwhile, governments, to attract resources, may compete to increase the environmental regulation intensity, which is called the government "race to the top" [56].…”

“…In addition, governance cost constrains free-riding behavior and can more directly transmit changes in government environmental regulation [58,59]. More importantly, the marginal cost benefits the measurement of the spillover effect from neighboring provincial regions [54]. In this study, the cost of environmental governance was used to measure the intensity of environmental regulations [60].…”

Research on the applicability and impact of CO2 emission reduction policies on China’s steel industry

“…Many scholars have done a lot of pioneering work in response to China's CO 2 emissions. In terms of research methods, scholars have combined mathematics, economics and engineering models (Ning et al, 2020;Song et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2021;Song et al, 2021) to study CO 2 emissions reduction issues. Regarding the selection of emission reduction policies, the academic community is mainly divided into the following main viewpoints.…”

Concentrated solar power: technology, economy analysis, and policy implications in China

“…Lu and Luo (2020) used double difference method to analyze the impact of carbon trading policy on CO 2 emissions and CO 2 emission intensity and tested the applicability of double difference method to evaluate carbon trading policy. Zhang et al (2021) indicated that the central government should strengthen targeted supervision and adaptive incentives for local governments to implement environmental regulation so that joint emission reduction can be realized. However, the fossil fuel burning is the main source of CO 2 emissions.…”