Environmental Risk Assessment of Emerging Pollutants in Water: Approaches Under Horizontal and Vertical EU Legislation

Hernando, M.D.; Rodríguez, Álvaro Sánchez; Vaquero, J. J.; Fernández‐Alba, Amadeo R.; García, Eliseo

doi:10.1080/10643380903140224

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For management purposes, information on the distribution of risk due to pharmaceuticals use on a geographical scale and a risk assessment based in a geographic information system can be very useful for an environmental-oriented monitoring (Hernando et al, 2011).…”

Section: Geographical Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals from Portuguese wastewaters: geographical and seasonal occurrence, removal and risk assessment

Pereira

Silva

Meisel

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

192

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The occurrence, fate, geographical and seasonal influence and environmental risk assessment of eleven of the most consumed pharmaceuticals in Portugal were studied in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) influents and (WWI) and effluents (WWE). WWI and WWE samples, from two sampling campaigns (spring and summer), in 2013, were evaluated in 15 different WWTPs across the country, by solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass detection (LC-MS-MS). Lipid regulators were the most frequently found in WWI and WWE (184.1 and 22.3mg/day/1000 inhab., respectively), followed by anti-inflammatories (1339.4 and 15.0mg/day/1000 inhab., respectively), and antibiotics (330.7 and 68.6 mg/day/1000 inhab., respectively). Anxiolytics were the least detected with 3.3 and 3.4 mg/day/1000 inhab. in WWI and WWE, respectively. The mass loads, both in WWI and WWE, were higher in summer than those found during the spring season, being remarkable the high values registered in a region where population triplicates in this time of the year. The mean removal efficiency achieved was of 94.5%, nonetheless, between the different therapeutic groups, as well as within each group, important variations in removal were observed, going from not eliminated to 100%. In the summer higher efficiencies were observed regarding lipid regulators and antibiotics. Furthermore, an important outcome was the evaluation, by means of risk quotients (RQs), of the potential ecotoxicological risk posed by the selected pharmaceuticals to different aquatic organisms, exposed to the effluents studied. Ciprofloxacin, bezafibrate, gemfibrozil, simvastatin and diclofenac showed RQs higher than one, being expected that these pharmaceuticals might pose a threat to the three trophic levels (algae, daphnids and fish) evaluated. These results highlight the importance of these monitoring studies, as required by the Directive 2013/39/EU, in order to minimize their aquatic environmental contamination and support future prioritization measures.

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Section: Geographical Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals from Portuguese wastewaters: geographical and seasonal occurrence, removal and risk assessment

Pereira

Silva

Meisel

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

192

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although the aquatic environment is probably more susceptible to exposure to pharmaceuticals, the public is more focused on the risks to human health associated with inadvertent exposure to drugs via drinking water. This is especially important in areas that practice indirect water reuse, where the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant is released to streams and rivers that are in turn used as a source of raw water for the production of drinking water for communities living downstream (Jones et al, 2005;Kummerer, 2009;Hernando et al, 2011). The conventional processes used in the WTPs have not been designed to eliminate this type of contaminants, which is corroborated by occurrence data obtained in research studies, where it is referred that pharmaceuticals compounds have been detected in drinking water usually at concentrations below 100 ng/L (Kummerer, 2009;Richardson and Ternes, 2011;Leung et al, 2013;Gaffney et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in a water supply system and related human health risk assessment

et al. 2015

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“…The aquatic environment is probably more susceptible to exposure to pharmaceuticals than drinking water, but the public is more focused on the risks to human health associated with the inadvertent exposure to such compounds via the consumption of contaminated drinking water [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and biochemical characterization and in vivo safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals in drinking water

Gaffney¹,

Mota-Filipe

Pinto

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The water constituents that are currently subject to legal control are only a small fraction of the vast number of chemical substances and microorganisms that may occur in both the environment and water resources. The main objective of the present study was to study the health impact resulting from exposure to a mixture of pharmaceuticals that have been detected in tap water at low doses. Analyses of atenolol, caffeine, erythromycin, carbamazepine, and their metabolites in blood, urine, feces, fat tissue, liver, and kidney after exposure to a mixture of these pharmaceuticals in treated drinking water were performed. The effects of this exposure were assessed in rats by measuring biochemical markers of organ injury or dysfunction. Simultaneously, the selected pharmaceuticals were also quantified in both physiological fluids and organ homogenates by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode and full scan mode). Following exposure of rats to a concentration of a pharmaceutical which was 10 times higher than the concentration known to be present in tap water, trace levels of some pharmaceuticals and their metabolites were detected in biological samples. This exposure did, however, not lead to significant organ injury or dysfunction. Thus, the authors report an experimental model that can be used to characterize the safety profile of pharmaceuticals in treated drinking water using a multiorgan toxicity approach. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2674-2682. © 2016 SETAC.

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Environmental Risk Assessment of Emerging Pollutants in Water: Approaches Under Horizontal and Vertical EU Legislation

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals from Portuguese wastewaters: geographical and seasonal occurrence, removal and risk assessment

Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals from Portuguese wastewaters: geographical and seasonal occurrence, removal and risk assessment

Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in a water supply system and related human health risk assessment

Chemical and biochemical characterization and in vivo safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals in drinking water

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