Environmental Risk Assessment of Recombinant Viral Vector Vaccines against SARS-Cov-2

Baldo, Aline; Leunda, Amaya; Willemarck, Nicolas; Pauwels, Kris

doi:10.3390/vaccines9050453

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The unifying feature of all current adenovirus-vaccine vectors is the replacement of one of the early adenoviral genes (E1) for the full-length SARS-Cov-2 S gene in the adenoviral DNA (Fig. 4a ) and the additional deletion of E3 19 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 65 , 69 . The loss of the E1 gene abolishes replication competence of the vector.…”

Section: Vaccine-specific Differences Of S-antigen Structure and Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing features of current COVID-19 vaccines: knowns and unknowns of antigen presentation and modes of action

2021

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COVID-19 vaccines were developed with an unprecedented pace since the beginning of the pandemic. Several of them have reached market authorization and mass production, leading to their global application on a large scale. This enormous progress was achieved with fundamentally different vaccine technologies used in parallel. mRNA, adenoviral vector as well as inactivated whole-virus vaccines are now in widespread use, and a subunit vaccine is in a final stage of authorization. They all rely on the native viral spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 for inducing potently neutralizing antibodies, but the presentation of this key antigen to the immune system differs substantially between the different categories of vaccines. In this article, we review the relevance of structural modifications of S in different vaccines and the different modes of antigen expression after vaccination with genetic adenovirus-vector and mRNA vaccines. Distinguishing characteristics and unknown features are highlighted in the context of protective antibody responses and reactogenicity of vaccines.

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Section: Vaccine-specific Differences Of S-antigen Structure and Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing features of current COVID-19 vaccines: knowns and unknowns of antigen presentation and modes of action

2021

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“…Further, the risk of recombination of ChAd155-RSV with circulating adenoviruses is considered only hypothetical, due to little homology between the backbones and E1 sequences, and its probability very low since the routes of natural infection would not lead to colocalization of the circulating wild-type viruses in the same cells than those infected by the vector vaccine injected intra-muscularly. 57 In fact, the authors are not aware of any recombination events reported in the literature with replication-defective vectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated-Dose Toxicity, Biodistribution, and Shedding Assessments With a ChAd155 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Candidate Evaluated in Rabbits and Rats

et al. 2022

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in infants, and toddlers and vaccines are not yet available. A pediatric RSV vaccine (ChAd155-RSV) is being developed to protect infants against RSV disease. The ChAd155-RSV vaccine consists of a recombinant replication-deficient chimpanzee-derived adenovirus (ChAd) group C vector engineered to express the RSV antigens F, N, and M2-1. The local and systemic effects of three bi-weekly intramuscular injections of the ChAd155-RSV vaccine was tested in a repeated-dose toxicity study in rabbits. After three intramuscular doses, the ChAd155-RSV vaccine was considered well-tolerated. Changes due to the vaccine-elicited inflammatory reaction/immune response were observed along with transient decreases in platelet count without physiological consequences, already reported for other adenovirus-based vaccines. In addition, the biodistribution and shedding of ChAd155-RSV were also characterized in two studies in rats. The distribution and persistence of the ChAd155-RSV vaccine candidate was consistent with other similar adenovector-based vaccines, with quantifiable levels of ChAd155-RSV observed at the injection site (muscle) and the draining lymph nodes up to 69 days post administration. The shedding results demonstrated that ChAd155-RSV was generally not detectable in any secretions or excreta samples. In conclusion, the ChAd155-RSV vaccine was well-tolerated locally and systemically.

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“…When a virus is used to deliver a vaccine, it does not infect itself or its antigen source. It does not incorporate the genetic material it provides into a person's DNA (30,31). Viral vectors come in various forms, including vaccine-vectoring poxviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, retroviruses, lentiviruses, cytomegaloviruses, and Sendai viruses.…”

Section: Viral Vector Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

A review on risk assessment of formulation development and technology transfer of COVID-19 vaccines

Hari

Ganesh

et al. 2022

Vitae

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BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic situation made the pharmaceutical companies develop the vaccine with different formulations in a short period. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the review is to focus on different types of vaccine formulations available globally and the importance of technology transfer in vaccine development associated with potential risks. RESULTS: Research on vaccine development led to various types of vaccines, such as Inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and Protein Subunit Vaccines for COVID-19. But the process of vaccine development and technology transfer is lined with various risks and challenges. Through risk assessment, we found some major potential risks involved in product development; this leads to a smoother and more efficient method to develop safe vaccines available for public health. CONCLUSIONS: This review will explain the significance of technology collaboration for the faster development of various formulations of vaccines globally.

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Environmental Risk Assessment of Recombinant Viral Vector Vaccines against SARS-Cov-2

Cited by 16 publications

References 93 publications

Distinguishing features of current COVID-19 vaccines: knowns and unknowns of antigen presentation and modes of action

Distinguishing features of current COVID-19 vaccines: knowns and unknowns of antigen presentation and modes of action

Repeated-Dose Toxicity, Biodistribution, and Shedding Assessments With a ChAd155 Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Candidate Evaluated in Rabbits and Rats

A review on risk assessment of formulation development and technology transfer of COVID-19 vaccines

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