Environmental risk factors for acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children under 5 years of age in Ibadan, Nigeria

Fakunle, G. A.; Ana, Godson; Ayede, Adejumoke Idowu

doi:10.1179/2046905513y.0000000107

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In this meta-analysis, biomass fuel use was found to be significantly associated with acute respiratory infection among underfive children. The finding is consistent with scholarly articles in Enugu South East Nigeria [40], India [41], Ibadan Nigeria [42], Cameroon [43], Nepal [44,45], South India [46], Afghanistan [47]. This might be because solid fuel used in the kitchen is the main source of indoor air pollution because of the associated emissions [48].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Acute respiratory infections among under-five children from households using biomass fuel in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

2020

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Acute respiratory infections are a serious public health concern across the globe, they are, however, prominently present in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, different primary studies were conducted in regard to the link between household biomass fuel use and acute respiratory infections among under-five children. However, there is no national study on the association between household biomass fuel use and acute respiratory infections among under-five children. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of acute respiratory infections and its predictors among under-five children in Ethiopia.The systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. We systematically searched the databases: PubMed/Medline, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to access potentially relevant articles conducted in Ethiopia about acute respiratory infections among under five children. Stata/SE 14.00 statistical software was used for analysis and the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI) were presented using tables and forest plots. To assess the heterogeneity among studies, I square (I2) tests were used. Publication bias was checked by Begg’s and Egger’s regression test. The random effects meta-analysis model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence and predictors of under-five acute respiratory infectionsA total of 7 studies with 8,529 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of acute respiratory infection was 17.75% (95% CI: 16.95, 18.55). Child holding during cooking (OR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.48, 5.47) and using unclean sources of energy for cooking (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.70) were identified predictors of under-five children acute respiratory infection.In the current study, the pooled prevalence of acute respiratory infection among under-five children was relatively high. Child holding during cooking and using unclean sources of energy for cooking were significantly associated with under five acute respiratory infections. Therefore, the policies and regulations enacted should address the barriers that impede the development of clean and efficient energy sources.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Acute respiratory infections among under-five children from households using biomass fuel in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

2020

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“…A systematic review by Gee and his colleagues, that included fifteen systematic reviews, six meta analyses, and fourteen intervention studies, identified consistent evidence that exposures to environmental air pollutants, second hand smoke, inhaled chemicals, and respiratory viruses increased the risk of respiratory infection [ 4 ]. A case-control study linked exposure to environmental risks—namely overcrowding, keeping pets in the home, use of biomass fuel and use of a lantern at night—to ARI hospitalized cases [ 9 ]. Going beyond ARI symptoms that involve a correlation with mother-related and household-related factors, a handful of studies have suggested that community factors also have potential role in whether a child exhibits ARI symptoms [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risks Associated with Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection among Preschool Children in North-Western and South-Southern Nigeria Communities

Adesanya¹,

Chiao²

2017

IJERPH

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The exposure-disease-stress model places young children in their physical and social contexts and considers the extent and intensity of associational links to symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI), taking in to account a range of biological, social, and environment components. This study uses the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey to assess the individual and environmental risks present in the North-Western and South-Southern Nigerian communities and examines their associations with ARI symptoms. The descriptive findings show that the prevalence of ARI symptoms is significantly higher among preschool children in the North-Western province (5.7%) than in the South-Southern province (1.4%) (p < 0.001). In addition to regional differences, multilevel logistic models further indicate that the increased likelihood of a child suffering from ARI symptoms is significantly associated with the dry season (aOR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.02–1.97) and household poverty (aOR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.01–1.99), even after adjusting for the cooking fuel used and various other characteristics of the children, households, and communities. These findings underscore the importance of taking into account environmental risks when addressing specific regional variations in ARI symptoms, because these determinants differ between communities in Nigeria. As it is imperative to achieve minimum levels of child health, in order to improve economic development across regions, future health policies aiming to promote child health will benefit from taking a region-specific perspective into consideration.

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“…The environmental determinants of mortality are as in the works of Fakunlé, Cardoso and Shah [17] [38] [39]: the promiscuity and use of the oil lamp.…”

Section: A R Okoko Et Al Open Journal Of Pediatricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumonia of Children under 5 Years of Age in Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)

Okoko¹,

Hossie²,

N’djobo-Mamadoud³

et al. 2017

OJPed

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Pneumonia is one of the prime causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. Objectives: To determine the frequency of pneumonia, to identify the causative organisms and the factors associated with death in children under 5 years of age. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in children 1 to 59 months hospitalized for pneumonia between January and June 2016 in CHUB pediatric wards. Results: A total of 237 children were hospitalized for pneumonia, i.e. 12.3% of hospitalizations.There were 133 boys (56%) and 104 girls (44%) with a mean age of 15.9 ± 13.8 months. The average time elapsed between onset of symptoms and hospitalization was 7.2 ± 6.1 days. The alveolar syndrome 185 cases (81%), alveolo-interstitial 34 cases (15%), alveolar and pleural 9 cases (4%) were the main radiological translations. Blood cultures were positive in 74 cases (31%) and the bacteria identified were: Streptococcus pneumoniae 42 cases (17.5%), Staphylococcus Aureus 23 cases (9.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae 9 cases (3.7%). HIV serology was positive in 19 cases (8%). Fifty-eight (58) children (24%) died. Factors associated with death were respiratory distress, hypoxemia and hypothermia. Conclusion: Pneumonia of children under 5 years of age is frequent and severe prognosis. Their mastery requires the strengthening of the national respiratory disease control program and the knowledge of risk factors.

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Environmental risk factors for acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children under 5 years of age in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract: Cases were more exposed than controls to environmental risk factors for ARIs. Increased awareness of the importance of environmental factors with regard to prevention and control of ARI is therefore important.

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Acute respiratory infections among under-five children from households using biomass fuel in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Acute respiratory infections among under-five children from households using biomass fuel in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Risks Associated with Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection among Preschool Children in North-Western and South-Southern Nigeria Communities

Pneumonia of Children under 5 Years of Age in Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)

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