Environmentally adapted lubricants, Part I. An overview

“…Mundane as this subject may seem, it has shared in and contributed to the exhilarating pace of progress in techniques and technology. Over the years, a great deal of effort has been invested into the development of lubricants with optimum qualities to meet the ever-increasing demands of a new generation of engines (Randles, 1999;Lingg, 2004;Pal and Singhal, 2000). Always the impetus was the same; new innovations in machine design required new innovations in lubricant composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dicarboxylic acid esters as components of modern synthetic oils

Gryglewicz

Oko

2005

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology

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Purpose -The paper presents the results of research carried out on esters of carbonic, adipic, and sebacic acids with respect to their use as components of fully synthetic lubricating oil produced from a polyalphaolefin base. Straight dicarboxylic acid esters were synthesized in a transesterification reaction of dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl adipate, and dimethyl sebacate with 2-ethylhexanol and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol. Design/methodology/approach -Oligomeric esters of adipic acid and sebacic acid were synthesized using neopentyl glycol, appropriate dimethyl adipate or dimethyl sebacate and 2-ethylhexanol as the starting material. The basic physicochemical properties of esters were determined and their compatibility with synthetic oils were defined. They were also evaluated with respect to resistance under the influence of thermo-oxidative factors, evaporation and susceptibility to hydrolytic decomposition. The selected esters were complemented with commercial additives to make up a fully synthetic lubricating oil with a polialphaolefin base. A special attention was paid to the effect of ester compounds on the physicochemical properties of the formulated oil. Findings -The obtained results show that straight adipates and sebacates of 2-ethylhexanol and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol as well as oligomeric esters in which molecules are terminated with 2-ethylhexyl group can be used as component of lubricating oils. The addition of these esters reduced the pour point by a few degrees in comparison with the tested base oil. The temperature fell below 408C. The presence of esters significantly improved the viscosity index. A positive influence of esters on the lubricating properties of the formulated oil was also observed. On the contrary, dialkyl carbonates show too low boiling point, which is indicated by the high amount of volatile components, 19-22 percent, in final product. Adipic and sebacic oligomers containing methoxyl groups in their structures proved to be immiscible with polyalphaolefins. Originality/value -The achievement of this work is the synthesis of new oligomeric esters of dicarboxylic acids, which can be excellent additives for improving properties of synthetic oils. Further studies will be focused on the use of esters as components of engine oils. This requires real motor tests.

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“…3 The essential barrier to the wide application of esters is their relatively high cost of production, which is 4-15 times higher than that of oils derived from petroleum. Possibilities of applying compounds of unconventional structure, like complex esters, and natural product derivatives 4,5 are being considered. New low-waste and energy-saving methods of synthesizing ester oils using advanced catalytic systems are being designed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Biosynthesis of Oligomeric Sebacates as Lubricant Oils

Gryglewicz

Oko

2005

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This work presents the results of research carried out on synthesis of oligomeric esters of sebacic acid. The syntheses were conducted by the alcoholysis reaction of dimethyl sebacate with neopentyl glycol and 2-ethylhexanol. The catalyst used in the chemical synthesis was calcium methoxide. As a catalyst in the bioprocess, an immobilized lipase derived from Rhizomucor miehei strain (Lipozyme IM) was used. It was found that the reactions conducted in the presence of biocatalyst proceed with high yield, 95%, under mild conditions. On the other hand, chemical syntheses gave the same yield in a similar length of time but at much higher temperature. Some of the prepared esters were tested in terms of their suitability as additives to fully synthetic engine oils. The addition of these esters led to an improvement of the properties of the oils. The pour point was reduced by a few degrees in comparison with the tested base oil. The presence of esters significantly improved the viscosity index. A positive influence of esters on the lubricating properties of the formulated oil was also observed.

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Environmentally adapted lubricants, Part I. An overview

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Renewable lubricants

Renewable lubricants

Dicarboxylic acid esters as components of modern synthetic oils

Synthesis and Biosynthesis of Oligomeric Sebacates as Lubricant Oils

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