Environmentally adaptive and durable hydrogels toward multi-sensory application

Chen, Youyou; Zhang, Chen; Yin, Rui; Yin, Ao; Feng, Qiang; Liu, Feihua; Shao, Jian; Su, Tong; Wang, Haoran; Zhao, Weiwei

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.137907

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In recent years, quasi-solid hydrogel-based thermogalvanic electrolytes have been extensively studied for low-grade thermal energy harvesting, and great advances have been made in low-cost waste heat utilization by improving electrodes, electrolytes, and devices. − However, thermogalvanic gel-based thermoelectricity is inescapably confronted with the challenge of extreme environments; at subzero temperatures, hydrogel inevitably freezes and loses conductivity and flexibility, which severely limits the thermoelectric performance and potential applications in low temperature environments. − Significant efforts have been invested toward research into the environmental adaptability of hydrogel-based thermogalvanic, including binary solvent, systems, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/H 2 O, glycerol/H 2 O, , and betaine or proline/H 2 O . On the other hand, even at room temperature, hydrogels lack long-lasting moisture due to the constant water evaporation, hampering their long-term usability. − Therefore, double network hydrogels and nanocomposite hydrogels have attempted to solve the above problems. Since ethylene glycol (EG) is widely used as an antifreeze agent in industry with good antifreeze properties and DMSO is a good solvent with a high boiling point and stable chemical properties, the combination of the advantages of DMSO/EG binary solvent is expected to prepare a new antifreeze organogel for applications in extreme environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anhydrous Thermogalvanic Gel for Simultaneous Waste Heat Recovery and Thermal Management of Electronics

Fang

Khan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Due to their distinctive characteristics of adequate flexibility, stability, and functional diversity, thermogalvanic gels have demonstrated tremendous promise in the area of renewable energy sources. However, their inability to adapt to low or high temperature environments greatly limits their practical applications. In this work, an anhydrous thermogalvanic gel prepared from dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/ethylene glycol (EG) binary organic solvent is developed with Fe 3+/2+ as a redox pair, which displays an exceptional temperature tolerance (−80 to 80 °C) and remarkable antidrying property (80% weight retention at 70 °C after 12 h), while maintaining stable mechanical flexibility and electrical conductivity over a wide temperature range. These merits result from the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds between DMSO and EG molecules, which prevent crystallization and hinder evaporation of the solvent simultaneously. As an applicative demonstration, by placing the thermogalvanic gel on the surface of a charging battery/charger/chip, it acts as a thermal-conductive network while performing the thermal-electric conversion, revealing a viable strategy for simultaneous waste heat recovery and thermal management. This research provides new insight into the creation of flexible thermoelectric materials for energy recovery and self-powered wearable electronics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anhydrous Thermogalvanic Gel for Simultaneous Waste Heat Recovery and Thermal Management of Electronics

Fang

Khan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…4 Because of these characteristics, zwitterion hydrogels have been studied as a suitable material for skin adhesion. 5 However, zwitterion hydrogels lack sufficient mechanical properties because of the electrostatic repulsion between charged monomers in the polymerization process. To date, numerous efforts have been made toward increasing the toughness of zwitterion hydrogels by incorporating other tough polymer networks 6,7 or nanollers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Because of these characteristics, zwitterion hydrogels have been studied as a suitable material for skin adhesion. 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All polymeric conductive strain sensors with excellent skin adhesion, recovery, and long-term stability prepared from an anion–zwitterion based hydrogel

et al. 2023

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“…In addition, the synthesis of most conductive hydrogels is always limited by the cost as well as the complex polymerization process, even relying on specific conditions (UV, 32 gamma rays, 33 heating, 34 initiators 35 ) or environmental requirements (alkaline, 36 acidic 37 ) to initiate polymerization. Moreover, conventional hydrogel sensors only have single sensory property, which is difficult to meet the growing needs of social life 38,39 . Therefore, it is an urgent demand to develop a low‐cost and simple technique to continuously and precisely fabricate multisensory hydrogel in a controllable manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, conventional hydrogel sensors only have single sensory property, which is difficult to meet the growing needs of social life. 38,39 Therefore, it is an urgent demand to develop a low-cost and simple technique to continuously and precisely fabricate multisensory hydrogel in a controllable manner.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sponge‐inspired multisensory hydrogel

Chen

Liu

et al. 2022

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The preparation of smart sensors with multiple sensory systems, reusable property, and high sensitivity remains a challenge. Here, inspired by a sponge, we develop a multisensory PCA–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/borax–LiCl hydrogel (named PPL hydrogel) with low cost and simple fabrication process using sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), PVA, and lithium chloride (LiCl) to address this challenge. PPL hydrogel has a sponge‐like porous structure and can repeatedly “absorb” and “drain” water, while maintaining good tensile (strain up to 1442%) and electrical conductivity. PAAS builds the main skeleton of PPL hydrogels and provides the basis for building the pore structure, PVA enhances the mechanical properties of the crosslinked network, while LiCl ionic solution further improves the conductivity, which can reach 8.8 s m−1 and be increased nearly 42 times better than without LiCl. Therefore, this makes PPL hydrogel a very sensitive sensing system for wearable devices that can be used to detect signals from the human body. Additionally, PPL hydrogel is also capable of detecting temperature due to its temperature‐sensitive properties. Moreover, PPL hydrogel can also roughly identify the basic properties of different solvents. Our simple, low‐cost and multisensory PPL hydrogel offers promising opportunities for multisensory sensors, even functional/smart materials, flexible/wearable devices, and medical care.

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Environmentally adaptive and durable hydrogels toward multi-sensory application

Cited by 33 publications

References 55 publications

Anhydrous Thermogalvanic Gel for Simultaneous Waste Heat Recovery and Thermal Management of Electronics

Anhydrous Thermogalvanic Gel for Simultaneous Waste Heat Recovery and Thermal Management of Electronics

All polymeric conductive strain sensors with excellent skin adhesion, recovery, and long-term stability prepared from an anion–zwitterion based hydrogel

Sponge‐inspired multisensory hydrogel

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