Environmentally benign metallization of material extrusion technology 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene parts using physical vapor deposition

White, J.; Tenore, Christopher; Pavich, Austin; Scherzer, Ryan; Stagon, Stephen P.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2018.05.016

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As previously mentioned, these kinds of surface coatings were already used for medical and electronic applications with other additive manufacturing processes, i.e., stereolithography [36]. Furthermore, PVD sputtering represents a feasible way to deposit metallic films on FFF 3D-printed substrates, achieving new surface properties [13]. As a result, other technical applications can be exploited after the optimization of the PVD sputtering process, such as in the automotive and furniture fields.…”

Section: Fields Of Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these reasons, future studies will also be dedicated to the investigation of these phenomena. Moreover, PVD sputtering process can be considered an environmentally friendly surface treatment since dangerous chemicals are not used for metal deposition [13].…”

Section: Fields Of Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these technologies, sputtering PVD can be considered a suitable technique for plastic substrates because low temperatures can be reached during the deposition, according to the depositing materials, thus preventing polymer degradation [11]. Other attractive advantages of sputtering PVD processes are (a) the capability of covering corners uniformly; (b) the possibility to easily deposit metal alloys by a proper choice of the target composition [12]; and (c) the elimination of dangerous chemicals used in other conventional metallization techniques, making this method an environmentally friendly surface treatment [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, several studies were performed to explore the opportunity to cover 3D-printed structures with metallic coatings for different purposes, such as the achievement of a good level of conductivity for rapid-prototyped polymers [14], the fabrication of 3D-printed helical and spiral antennas [15,16], and the development of electroluminescent devices [17]. For 3D-printed parts, the presence of a metallic coating enables the improvement of material properties, such as aesthetics, while also changing the user perception of 3D-printed polymers [13,18]. According to the metal deposited to produce the coating, an enhancement of mechanical strength can be achieved, as well as a good level of abrasion resistance and environmental resistance [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metallization of Thermoplastic Polymers and Composites 3D Printed by Fused Filament Fabrication

Romani

Mantelli

Tralli³

et al. 2021

Technologies

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Fused filament fabrication allows the direct manufacturing of customized and complex products although the layer-by-layer appearance of this process strongly affects the surface quality of the final parts. In recent years, an increasing number of post-processing treatments has been developed for the most used materials. Contrarily to other additive manufacturing technologies, metallization is not a common surface treatment for this process despite the increasing range of high-performing 3D printable materials. The objective of this work is to explore the use of physical vapor deposition sputtering for the chromium metallization of thermoplastic polymers and composites obtained by fused filament fabrication. The thermal and mechanical properties of five materials were firstly evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and tensile tests. Meanwhile, a specific finishing torture test sample was designed and 3D printed to perform the metallization process and evaluate the finishing on different geometrical features. Furthermore, the roughness of the samples was measured before and after the metallization, and a cost analysis was performed to assess the cost-efficiency. To sum up, the metallization of five samples made with different materials was successfully achieved. Although some 3D printing defects worsened after the post-processing treatment, good homogeneity on the finest details was reached. These promising results may encourage further experimentations as well as the development of new applications, i.e., for the automotive and furniture fields.

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Section: Fields Of Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fields Of Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Metallization of Thermoplastic Polymers and Composites 3D Printed by Fused Filament Fabrication

Romani

Mantelli

Tralli³

et al. 2021

Technologies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…RF plasma can be operated at atmospheric pressure, which has also been demonstrated on ABS [ 37 ]. However, gliding arc plasmas and related techniques have better usability for such applications [ 38 ], as well as in comparison with surface barrier discharge plasmas [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sanding and Plasma Treatment of 3D-Printed Parts on Bonding to Wood with PVAc Adhesive

et al. 2021

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Additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly important for manufacturing end products, not just prototyping. However, the size of 3D-printed products is limited due to available printer sizes and other technological limitations. For example, making furniture from 3D-printed parts and wooden elements requires adequate adhesive joints. Since materials for 3D printing usually do not bond very well with adhesives designed for woodworking, they require special surface preparation to improve adhesion. In this study, fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D-printed parts made of polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic acid with wood flour additive (Wood-PLA), and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymers were bonded to wood with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive. The surfaces of the samples were bonded as either non-treated, sanded, plasma treated, or sanded and plasma treated to evaluate the effect of each surface preparation on the bondability of the 3D-printed surfaces. Different surface preparations affected the bond shear strength in different ways. The plasma treatment significantly reduced water contact angles on all tested printing materials and increased the bond tensile shear strength of the adhesive used. The increase in bond strength was highest for the surfaces that had been both sanded and plasma treated. The highest increase was found for the ABS material (untreated 0.05 MPa; sanded and plasma treated 4.83 MPa) followed by Wood-PLA (from 0.45 MPa to 3.96 MPa) and PLA (from 0.55 MPa to 3.72 MPa). Analysis with a scanning electron microscope showed the smooth surfaces of the 3D-printed parts, which became rougher with sanding with more protruded particles, but plasma treatment partially melted the surface structures on the thermoplastic polymer surfaces.

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Multimaterial 3D Printing Technique for Electronic Circuitry Using Photopolymer and Selective Metallization

et al. 2022

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Herein, a 3D printing technique to enable the manufacturing of selectively plated polymer objects by photopolymer printing and copper metallization is presented. Metallized plastic has become popular in a number of industries due to its lightweight, flexibility of design, and cost‐effective fabrication. Common metallization techniques require multiple pretreatment steps, such as surface etching, sensitization/activation, and acceleration. The proposed method, by eliminating the sensitization step, allows selective metallization of 3D‐printed samples by direct plating. The method relies on the inclusion of silver seeds into a mixture of acrylate‐ and methacrylate‐based monomers and oligomers, which enables direct electroless copper metallization following 3D printing. Ag(I) ions act as catalytic sites for copper deposition. Copper films grown with embedded 2 and 4 wt% Ag(I) seeds reach thicknesses of 5.7 ± 1.2 and 7.7 ± 1.3 μm, respectively. Furthermore, printing with pristine and silver‐modified resins on the same sample allows selective plating: only the modified resin is plated leaving the pristine resin unaffected. A proof‐of‐concept temperature sensor is manufactured to demonstrate the performance of the printed interconnects.

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Environmentally benign metallization of material extrusion technology 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene parts using physical vapor deposition

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Metallization of Thermoplastic Polymers and Composites 3D Printed by Fused Filament Fabrication

Metallization of Thermoplastic Polymers and Composites 3D Printed by Fused Filament Fabrication

Effect of Sanding and Plasma Treatment of 3D-Printed Parts on Bonding to Wood with PVAc Adhesive

Multimaterial 3D Printing Technique for Electronic Circuitry Using Photopolymer and Selective Metallization

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