Environmentally friendly anti-solvent engineering for high-efficiency tin-based perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Tin-based perovskites are the most likely candidates for lead-based counterpart due to their low toxicity and excellent optoelectronic properties. However, its uncontrollable crystallization process limits the improvement of device performance....

High-Mobility and Bias-Stable Field-Effect Transistors Based on Lead-Free Formamidinium Tin Iodide Perovskites

“…As shown in Figure e,f, a shoulder peak appearing at a binding energy of ∼631.5 eV is observed in both the fresh and biased films of PEA-FASnI 3 and FPEA-FASnI 3 , clearly indicating oxidation of I – to I 3 – . In the case of PEA-FASnI 3 , a significant content of I 3 – (∼8.1%) was already detected in the fresh film, suggesting the oxidation may occur during film fabrication or storage . After the bias stress measurement, the I 3 – content increased to 12.8%, suggesting that hole injection can contribute directly or indirectly to the oxidation of iodine-related defects.…”

“…15 In the case of PEA-FASnI 3 , a significant content of I 3 − (∼8.1%) was already detected in the fresh film, suggesting the oxidation may occur during film fabrication or storage. 43 After the bias stress measurement, the I 3 − content increased to 12.8%, suggesting that hole injection can contribute directly or indirectly to the oxidation of iodine-related defects. In striking contrast, the I 3 − content in both the fresh and biased films of FPEA-FASnI 3 remained at a low level of about 4%.…”

Nonfullerene Agent Enables Efficient and Stable Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells

“…As shown in Figure 6f, they all appear SnI 4 and I 2 in the degraded film, but the sample with IO-4Cl treatment displays a much lower population of I 2 , indicating that the degradation by moisture infiltration into the perovskite film was retarded in the IO-4Cl-treated films, which exhibited a stronger hydrophobic property (Figure 6d and S17, Supporting Information). Therefore, the reduced surface and GBs defect states of perovskite films, as well as the enhanced resistance to moisture after the surface modification, [44] should be mainly responsible for the improved stability of the IO-4Cl-treated PSCs. Hence, the introduction of IO-4Cl into Sn-based perovskite films plays multiple roles in defect passivation, charge transport, and grain encapsulation, which enhance the photovoltaic performance and prevent irreversible degradation of Sn-based perovskite films under air conditions.…”

Solvent–antisolvent interactions in metal halide perovskites

“…For example, much of the existing body of literature focuses on the study of film formation in lead-based MHP, while the role of antisolvents in the crystallisation of tin-based or mixed lead–tin-based perovskites is far less investigated. 112–114 This could be related to the fact that crystallisation in the latter occurs on much faster timescales, which complicates its study. 115,116 On the other hand, the increasing availability of in situ methods such as in situ optical characterisation 117 by absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy and in situ structural characterisation by GIWAXS 60 opens the path to investigate crystallisation processes also in these perovskites.…”