Enzootic Marasmus: The Cobalt Content of Soils, Pastures and Animal Organs

Underwood, E. J.; Harvey, Rachel

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1938.tb01184.x

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Estimates of the Co requirements or the prediction of Co defi ciency in grazing livestock cannot confi dently be based on pasture Co concentrations because soil ingestion can be a significant source of Co, though there is substantial variation between soil types and in the availability of Co to the animal (Underwood and Harvey 1938;MacPherson et al 1978;Clark and Millar 1983;McDonald and Suttle 1983;Brebner and Suttle 1987). The increased vitamin B 12 status of sheep at high stocking rate (McQueen 1984;Judson et al 1985) may refl ect increased soil intake.…”

Section: Dietary Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants

Freer¹,

Dove²,

Nolan³

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants draws on the most up-to-date research on the energy, protein, mineral, vitamin and water requirements of beef and dairy cattle, sheep and goats. It defines the responses of animals, in weight change, milk production and wool growth, to quantitative and qualitative changes in their feed supply. It has particular application to grazing animals. Factors affecting the intake of feed are taken into account and recommendations are given according to the production systems being used; for instance, the feed intake of a grazing animal is affected by a larger number of variables than a housed animal. Examples of the estimation of the energy and nutrients required for the different production systems are given, as well as the production expected from predicted feed intakes. The interactions between the grazing animal, the pasture and any supplementary feeds are complex, involving herbage availability, diet selection and substitution. To facilitate the application of these recommendations to particular grazing situations, readers are directed to decision support tools and spreadsheet programs. Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants is based on the benchmark publication, Feeding Standards for Australian Livestock: Ruminants, published in 1990 by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Standing Committee on Agriculture. It provides comprehensive and useful information for graziers, livestock advisors, veterinarians, feed manufacturers and animal nutrition researchers. The recommendations described are equally applicable to animals in feedlots or drought yards.

show abstract

Section: Dietary Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants

Freer¹,

Dove²,

Nolan³

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cobalt. During the last few years work on the physiological effect of cobalt on plant growth has been completely overshadowed by the discovery that various wasting diseases of stock in different parts of the world are due to a deficiency of cobalt in the herbage (Askew, 1936-7; Askew & Maunsell, 1937), usually arising from a low cobalt status of the soils in the affected areas (Harvey, 1937; Underwood & Harvey, 1938). The diseases can be controlled by regular drenching of the animals with solutions of cobalt salts (Askew & Dixon, 1936), or, better, by the daily administration of about 2 mg. cobalt with the food.…”

Section: Arsenicmentioning

confidence: 99%

MINOR ELEMENTS and PLANT GROWTH

Brenchley

1943

Biological Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary During recent years more work has been done on the practical value of minor elements than on their physiological function in the economy of the plant. There are still very few elements of which there is definite proof that traces are essential to growth. The importance of boron in plant nutrition is firmly established. Large numbers of species are now known to suffer if the boron supply is insufficient and much commercial loss can be avoided by the judicious admixture of boron compounds with fertilizers. The value of Chilean nitrate is enhanced by its boron content. The part played by boron in the metabolism of the plant, however, still remains obscure. With copper attention has been focused on the value of copper salts in rendering fertile peat, or other highly organic soils, where they are brought under the plough. ‘Reclamation disease’ can be prevented by small dressings of copper sulphate before sowing. There is little direct evidence that copper is actually essential to the plant, though the assumption is generally made from the weight of indirect proof. Plants may play an important part as carriers of the iodine that is so necessary for animals and human beings, but owing to technical difficulties it has not been possible to establish whether or not iodine is equally necessary to the plants themselves. The value of manganese as an ameliorating agent for certain plant diseases has become increasingly evident, grey speck of cereals, marsh spot of peas and certain chlorotic disorders yielding to applications of manganese salts to the soil or as sprays on the foliage. The plant composition may be affected by treatment. Toxicity due to excess manganese may be controlled to some extent by variations in light intensity. Molybdenum in herbage is recognized as an important causal factor in some animal disorders as ‘teart’ disease. In plants excess produces characteristic morphological and cytological conditions, but there are indications that in some circumstances traces of the element may prove beneficial. Selenium toxicity in plants can be controlled by the judicious use of sulphur on seleniferous soils. As the absorption of selenium is reduced in this way, the risk of poisoning for animals feeding on the herbage is also minimized. Little definite evidence of benefit to growth due to traces of the element is yet available. Among other elements comparatively little is known as to whether any one or more may be essential for plant life. Isolated instances, particularly with fungi, indicate that such possibilities exist, but much work remains to be done before any assumption in this connexion can be made. The weight of evidence, indirect if not direct, with boron, copper, manganese, and zinc goes to indicate that each of these may play a vital role in plant development, though the exact conditions required and the extent to which each element is essential still remain subjects for investigation.

show abstract

“…Secondly, liver cobalt levels (Marston, Lee and McDonald, 1948;Underwood and Harvey, 1938) or vitamin Bi 2 levels (Andrews, Hart and Stephenson, 1958, 1959, 1960) may be measured. It has also been claimed that an assay of vitamin B12 in blood serum samples can be used for diagnostic purposes (Andrews and Stephenson, 1966).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cobalt supplementation, as an oral drench or pasture treatment, on the growth of lambs

Griffiths¹,

Bennett²,

Bush³

1970

Anim. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In a trial to investigate an ill-thrift problem in lambs on an Exmoor farm frequent oral drenching with cobalt sulphate was compared with pasture spraying. There were two groups of twin lambs reared respectively on sprayed and unsprayed pasture. One partner from each twin set was drenched with cobalt sulphate every two weeks. There were no significant differences in live-weight gain up to weaning time. Thereafter there was little difference in the progress of the twins on sprayed pasture. On the unsprayed pasture, however, the drenched lambs had gained an average of 9 lb live weight more than their partners over a period of 15 weeks but were still about 7 lb lighter than the lambs on sprayed pasture. Blood vitamin B12 concentration, assayed with Lactobacillus leichmannii, was not well correlated with the treatment of the groups and all values were above commonly accepted critical levels.

show abstract

Enzootic Marasmus: The Cobalt Content of Soils, Pastures and Animal Organs

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants

Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants

MINOR ELEMENTS and PLANT GROWTH

The effect of cobalt supplementation, as an oral drench or pasture treatment, on the growth of lambs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About