Enzymatic characterization, antigenic cross-reactivity and neutralization of dermonecrotic activity of five Loxosceles spider venoms of medical importance in the Americas

Barbaro, Kátia Cristina; Knysak, Irene; Martins, Rosana; Hogan, Christopher; Winkel, Kenneth D.

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.12.009

Cited by 108 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Interestingly, these enzymatic entities are relatively similar by their molecular weights to those of Loxosceles desserta (23). Hence, it is suspected that the enzymatic components of H. lepturus venom may play an indirect role in the activation of complement system, which participates in dermonecrosis and hemolysis of the envenomed patients as observed in loxocelism (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo pharmacological study on the effectiveness of available polyclonal antivenom against Hemiscorpius lepturus venom

Jalali¹,

Pipelzadeh²,

Seyedian³

et al. 2011

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Abstract:The available Razi Institute antivenom is still, empirically, used by intramuscular (IM) administration for the treatment of scorpion stings in humans by six medically dangerous species including Hemiscorpius lepturus (H. lepturus). The aim of this study was to assess the neutralizing ability and effectiveness of the antivenom in inhibiting hemoglobinuria, biochemical changes, increased microalbuminuria and urinary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) following H. lepturus sting. Simultaneous intramuscular administration of 10 μL and 100 μL of antivenom, after 24 hours, had no significant preventive effect on the extent and degree of hemoglobinuria or proteinuria produced in venom-treated rats. After IM administration of antivenom, no significant changes in decreased red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin were observed. Immediate intramuscular administration of 10 µL of antivenom had no significant effects on both LDH and microalbuminuria. The present findings did not present correlation with clinical signs. Therefore, to fully assess the efficacy of the available antivenom and make appropriate recommendations, more in vivo or in vitro investigations including antigen-antibody interaction, enzymatic analysis and route-dependent administration are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo pharmacological study on the effectiveness of available polyclonal antivenom against Hemiscorpius lepturus venom

Jalali¹,

Pipelzadeh²,

Seyedian³

et al. 2011

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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show abstract

“…To evaluate protease and hyaluronidase activities of skin secretions, we used casein, gelatin, and fibrinogen [25,26] as protease substrates, and hyaluronic acid from rooster comb was used as hyaluronidase substrate using 40 mg of each sample [26,27]. Clear areas in the gel indicated regions of enzyme activity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venomous Frogs Use Heads as Weapons

et al. 2015

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Venomous animals have toxins associated with delivery mechanisms that can introduce the toxins into another animal. Although most amphibian species produce or sequester noxious or toxic secretions in the granular glands of the skin to use as antipredator mechanisms, amphibians have been considered poisonous rather than venomous because delivery mechanisms are absent. The skin secretions of two Brazilian hylid frogs (Corythomantis greening and Aparasphenodon brunoi) are more toxic than the venoms of deadly venomous Brazilian pitvipers, genus Bothrops; C. greeningi secretion is 2-fold and A. brunoi secretion is 25-fold as lethal as Bothrops venom. Like the venoms of other animals, the skin secretions of these frogs show proteolytic and fibrinolytic activity and have hyaluronidase, which is nontoxic and nonproteolytic but promotes diffusion of toxins. These frogs have well-developed delivery mechanisms, utilizing bony spines on the skull that pierce the skin in areas with concentrations of skin glands. C. greeningi has greater development of head spines and enlarged skin glands producing a greater volume of secretion, while A. brunoi has more lethal venom. C. greeningi and A. brunoi have highly toxic skin secretions and an associated delivery mechanism; they are therefore venomous. Because even tiny amounts of these secretions introduced into a wound caused by the head spines could be dangerous, these frogs are capable of using their skin toxins as venoms against would-be predators.

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“…A lot of studies were carried out on the identification and purification of the venom content in Loxosceles species in the North, Middle and South America (6,11,20). In the present paper, a case, which we presumed to be due to the bite of L.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loxosceles spider bite in Turkey (Loxosceles rufescens, Sicariidae, Araneae)

Yiğit¹,

Bayram²,

Ulasoglu³

et al. 2008

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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ABSTRACT:Loxoscelism is caused by envenomation by spiders that belong to the Loxosceles genus. In loxoscelism, a local necrotic lesion appears and, in many cases, loxoscelism or necrotic araneism is considered a serious public health problem. There is no diagnostic test available to help the physician make a diagnostic or therapeutic decision. Here, we report the case of a severe dermonecrotic araneism (loxoscelism) in Turkey probably due to the bite of Loxosceles rufescens. There was little erythema at the beginning, followed by severe necrosis after 20 days, and skin grafting was needed although the case was treated.

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Enzymatic characterization, antigenic cross-reactivity and neutralization of dermonecrotic activity of five Loxosceles spider venoms of medical importance in the Americas

Cited by 108 publications

References 48 publications

In vivo pharmacological study on the effectiveness of available polyclonal antivenom against Hemiscorpius lepturus venom

In vivo pharmacological study on the effectiveness of available polyclonal antivenom against Hemiscorpius lepturus venom

Venomous Frogs Use Heads as Weapons

Loxosceles spider bite in Turkey (Loxosceles rufescens, Sicariidae, Araneae)

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