Enzymatic determination of itoic acid, a Bacillus subtilis siderophore, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid

Abstract

A specific enzymatic method to determine the amounts of itoic acid, a Bacillus subtilis siderophore, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) was devised. A sample was incubated first with hippurate hydrolase and then with 2,3-DHBA-3,4-dioxygenase. Itoic acid was estimated from the increase in A374. The incubation with the first enzyme was omitted for the determination of 2,3-DHBA.

Retracted: A catechol type siderophore, bacillibactin: biosynthesis, regulation and transport in Bacillus subtilis

“…The fur mutant displayed elevated levels of the Dhb proteins involved in the synthesis of the B. subtilis bacillibactin siderophore [8,51,71], YwbM and four predicted siderophore-binding proteins (FeuA, YfiY, YxeB, and YclQ [67]). The derepression of the Dhb biosynthetic enzymes has been noted under conditions of salt stress [39] and oxidative stress [57] and many of the substratebinding proteins have been detected in analysis of membrane-associated [2,41] or secreted proteins [2]. Analysis of the extracellular proteome also revealed derepression of the Fur-regulated YoaJ protein, a predicted endoglucanase.…”

“…The first bacterial siderophore to be structurally characterized was Itoic acid, isolated from low iron fermentation cultures of Bacillus subtilis [40]. Itoic acid (DHBG) is the glycine conjugate of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) [41,71]. In retrospect, DHBA and DHBG [collectively referred to as DHB (G)] are precursors of the catecholate siderophore bacillibactin which is the cyclic trimeric lactone of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl-Gly-Thr [55,69].…”

Bacterias endófitas de Capsicum frutescens antagónicas a Fusarium spp.

“…La producción de sideróforos es una característica que se ha descrito mayormente en el género Pseudomonas, sin embargo, existen evidencias de la producción de sideróforos como bacilibactina, ácido itoico y ácido 2,3-dihidroxibenzoico por parte de la especie B. subtilis (Ito, 1993;Dertz et al, 2006). Los resultados del presente estudio, mostraron que los aislados con mayores porcentajes de inhibición, sobre las seis cepas de Fusarium spp, fueron identificados como B. subtilis, no obstante, en estas cepas no se evaluó la producción de sideróforos, por lo que no se descarta su producción y acción frente a Fusarium spp.…”

Using Bacillus Megaterium Var. Phosphaticum and Calcium Super Phosphate for Management Sesame Wilt Disease

“…Growth enhancement by Bacillus spp. may be associated to its ability to produce hormone, especially IAA (Sheng and Huang 2001), and siderophore (Ito, 1993 andHu andBoyer 1996). It is also known that availability of phosphate in soils is important for the uptake of N from soils and its utilization in plant (Kim et al, 2003).…”