Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic wastes to glucose

Spano, Leo A; Medeiros, J.; Mandels, Mary

doi:10.1016/0304-3967(76)90039-1

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Cellulose, a polymer of glucose residues connected by β‐1,4 linkages, being the primary structural material of plant cell walls, is the most abundant carbohydrate in nature (Spano, Medeiros & Mandels 1975). Relatively very few animals are able to utilize this resource efficiently (Goodenough & Goodenough 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of cellulase-producing bacteria from the digestive tract of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambica (Peters) and grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes)

et al. 2006

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Isolation and characterization of cellulase-producing aeorobic bacterial £ora in the intestine of omnivorous tilapia (Oreochromis mossambica) and phytophagous Chinese grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) have been carried out using selective carboxymethylcellulose-agar (CMC-agar) medium. The cellulolytic activity was measured both qualitatively and quantitatively. It was found that the ability of di¡erent strains in degrading cellulose varies within a wide range. Among the strains isolated from the gut of each test ¢sh, TM1 and CI3 isolated from O. mossambica and C. idella, respectively exhibited maximum cellulolytic activity (67.02 and 35.8 U mL À1 respectively). Pure cultures of these strains were selected for morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization. On the basis of these tests, the isolated strains were identi¢ed as Bacillus circulans (TM1) and Bacillus megaterium (CI3). Both the strains are rod-shaped, motile and show better temperature (15^42 1C) and pH (5^11) tolerance. The selected strains were further quantitatively assayed for amylase and protease activities. Maximum amylase and protease activities were exhibited by TM1 and CI3 respectively. Information generated from the present study might contribute towards better-feed formulation incorporating plant ingredients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of cellulase-producing bacteria from the digestive tract of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambica (Peters) and grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes)

et al. 2006

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“…The water molecules added to the starch structure seem to be, at least partly, incorporated in the structure. Fish [22] showed that the diffusion coefficient of water in starch gels increased with hydration up to a water content of 30%.…”

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Crystal Structure of Hydrated Potato Starch

Cleven

Berg

Plas³

1978

Starch Stärke

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The X‐ray diffraction pattern of Nägeli‐treated potato starch was examined and changes in the diffraction pattern of native potato starch were measured for hydrations ranging from 0 to 50%. The fine structure of the diffraction pattern revealed many lines of very weak intensity, superimposed on a “basic structure” with hexagonal unit cell. It is suggested that that a “superstructure” exists in fully hydrated potato starch. A packing arrangement of hydrated potato starch is proposed in which every string of six helical macromolecular chains encloses a cylindrical cavity filled with water structured like cubic ice.

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“…Recent publications (Mandels e t al. 1971;Spano et al 1975) describe stable mutant strains of T. uiride which produce significantly greater levels of cellulase activity than the parental strain.…”

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Enzymatic Effects on Cell Rupture in Plant Protein Recovery

Mudgett¹,

Rufner²,

Bajracharya³

et al. 1978

J Food Biochemistry

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Investigation of the effects of selected enzymatic pretreatments of alfalfa leaves on plant protein recovery by mechanical expression of cell contents showed significantly higher crude protein recoveries for enzymatically treated extracts as compared with untreated samples. Protein recovery increases were seen for leaves pretreated with a buffered cellulase and a cellulase‐pectinase mixture. However, protein recoveries were not increased by pretreatment with a pectinase or a phospholipase. The increases were partly due to nonspecific buffer effects associated with leaching or osmotic shock and were pH dependent. The increases were also partly due to specific enzymatic effects which appear to result from structural degradation of plant tissue, as seen in electron micrographs, leading to enhanced cell rupture and release of cytoplasmic materials. The effect of enzymatic pretreatment is thought to result in accelerated senescence by degrading major structural components which provide rigidity and mechanical strength in plant tissue. This may be primarily related to the degradation of structural polysaccharides of the cell wall and middle lamella.

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Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic wastes to glucose

Cited by 32 publications

References 7 publications

Characterization of cellulase-producing bacteria from the digestive tract of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambica (Peters) and grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes)

Characterization of cellulase-producing bacteria from the digestive tract of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambica (Peters) and grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes)

Crystal Structure of Hydrated Potato Starch

Enzymatic Effects on Cell Rupture in Plant Protein Recovery

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