Enzymatic Immunoassay vs. Gas/Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Phenobarbital and Diphenylhydantoin in Serum

Booker, Harold E.; Darcey, B.

doi:10.1093/clinchem/21.12.1766

Cited by 52 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…This was indicated by the satisfactory agreement in correlation analysis and by the mean ratios of values of 1.2 and 1.0 obtained by the two methods for phenytoin and phenobarbital, respectively. Similar results were reported re-cently (Booker et al, 1975;Pippenger et al, 1975;Schmidt, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of a New Immunoassay for Determination of Phenytoin and Phenobarbital: Results of a European Collaborative Control Study

Schmidt¹,

Goldberg²,

Guelen³

et al. 1977

Epilepsia

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The performance of a new enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) was compared with other current methods, namely gas-liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, for the determination of phenytoin and phenobarbital in serum. Forty-three serum samples were sent as unknowns to the participating laboratories for determination. The precision of repeated determinations was very similar for EMIT and chromatography. There was good agreement among gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and EMIT results. Interlaboratory variability was lower for EMIT determinations of both antiepileptic drugs. The rapid analysis of small samples, made possible by the EMIT system, could have beneficial effects on the treatment of epilepsies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of a New Immunoassay for Determination of Phenytoin and Phenobarbital: Results of a European Collaborative Control Study

Schmidt¹,

Goldberg²,

Guelen³

et al. 1977

Epilepsia

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“…This represented a trough blood level for the anticonvulsants and a peak level for cimetidine. The anticonvulsant levels were analyzed daily by the Automated Chemistry Analyzer of Dupont, an adaptation of Syva's homogeneous enzyme immunoassay technique (Rubenstein et al, 1972;Baker and Darcey, 1975). Cimetidine samples were frozen for later analysis by Smith-Kline Clinical Laboratories (Randolph et al, 1977).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cimetidine on Phenytoin Serum Levels

Salem¹,

Breland²,

Mishra³

et al. 1983

Epilepsia

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Cimetidine, 300 mg p.o. four times a day, was administered for 5 days to nine epileptics who were stabilized while receiving phenytoin. Five patients had statistically significant increases in phenytoin serum levels, including two who became clinically toxic. One patient had a statistically significant decrease in phenytoin serum concentration. A relationship was not found between cimetidine levels and change in phenytoin serum levels. Cimetidine can cause significant changes in phenytoin serum levels which may be manifested clinically.

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“…Phenobarbital concentrations were measured in duplicate by the EMIT AED assay (Syva Corp, Palo Alto) (Rubenstein, Schneider and Ullman 1972;Bastiani, Phillips, Schneider and Ullman 1973;Booker and Darcey 1975;Legaz and Raisys 1976) and the average of the two determinations was reported for each data point. The coefficient of variation for day to day precision was 1.37 per cent at 30.0 pg/ml (n = 7).…”

Section: Assay and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study on the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in the neonatal foal

Spehar

Hill

Mayhew

et al. 1984

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Pharmacokinetic characteristics of the anticonvulsant phenobarbital were studied in seven pony and two Thoroughbred foals aged between four and 10 days. A single, 20 mg/kg body‐weight (bwt) dose of phenobarbital was given intravenously over 25 mins and the serum concentrations of the drug were measured using an EMIT AED assay (coefficient of variation 1.37 per cent at 30 μg/ml, n = 7). Phenobarbital elimination was found to follow first order kinetics. The mean (±sd) peak phenobarbital serum concentration was 18.6 ± 2.1 μg/ml at 1h after initiation of infusion with a mean (± se) half‐life of 12.8 ± 2.1h. The mean (± se) volume of distribution was 0.86 ± 0.026 litres/kg bwt and mean (±se) total body clearance was 0.0564 ± 0.0065 litres/kg bwt/h. Sedation was noticed 15 to 20 mins after the beginning of infusion and lasted for up to 8h. All foals could be aroused and could walk although they were ataxic for the first 1 to 2h. A degree of delayed hyper‐excitability occurred 3 to 8h after infusion. In equine neonatal seizure disorders it is recommended to use a loading dose of 20 mg/kg bwt of phenobarbital, followed by maintenance doses of 9 mg/kg bwt at 8h. With this regimen, average steady state serum phenobarbital concentrations should range between approximately 11.6 and 53 μg/ml. Phenobarbital serum concentrations should be monitored following the loading dose and 24h after initiating the maintenance doses to check that levels remain within the suggested (human) therapeutic range of 15 to 40 μg/ml.

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Enzymatic Immunoassay vs. Gas/Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Phenobarbital and Diphenylhydantoin in Serum

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of a New Immunoassay for Determination of Phenytoin and Phenobarbital: Results of a European Collaborative Control Study

Evaluation of a New Immunoassay for Determination of Phenytoin and Phenobarbital: Results of a European Collaborative Control Study

Effect of Cimetidine on Phenytoin Serum Levels

Preliminary study on the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in the neonatal foal

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