Enzymatic Pathways for the Consumption of Carbonyl Sulphide (COS) by Higher Plants*

Protoschill‐Krebs, G.; Kesselmeier, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1992.tb00288.x

Cited by 119 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Laboratory studies show that COS is consumed by plants in nearly the same way as CO 2 , after being split by the key enzyme, CA (Protoschill-Krebs and Kesselmeier, 1992;Protoschill-Krebs et al, 1995. This finding not only reveals the physiological background of the uptake of COS by higher plants, but also implies the possibility of extrapolating these measurements to obtain the global COS deposition to vegetation, using the ratio of the COS uptake to CO 2 assimilation and the global CO 2 fixation, which is better quantified.…”

Section: Correlation To the Co 2 Fluxmentioning

confidence: 87%

The flux of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide between the atmosphere and a spruce forest

Bingemer

Schmidt

2002

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Turbulent fluxes of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) were measured over a spruce forest in Central Germany using the relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) technique. A REA sampler was developed and validated using simultaneous measurements of CO 2 fluxes by REA and by eddy correlation. REA measurements were conducted during six campaigns covering spring, summer, and fall between 1997 and 1999. Both uptake and emission of COS and CS 2 by the forest were observed, with deposition occurring mainly during the sunlit period and emission mainly during the dark period. On the average, however, the forest acts as a sink for both gases. The average fluxes for COS and CS 2 are −93 ± 11.7 pmol m −2 s −1 and −18 ± 7.6 pmol m −2 s −1 , respectively. The fluxes of both gases appear to be correlated to photosynthetically active radiation and to the CO 2 and H 2 O fluxes, supporting the idea that the air-vegetation exchange of both gases is controlled by stomata. An uptake ratio COS/CO 2 of 10 ± 1.7 pmol µmol −1 has been derived from the regression line for the correlation between the COS and CO 2 fluxes. This uptake ratio, if representative for the global terrestrial net primary production, would correspond to a sink of 2.3 ± 0.5 Tg COS yr −1 .

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Section: Correlation To the Co 2 Fluxmentioning

confidence: 87%

The flux of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide between the atmosphere and a spruce forest

Bingemer

Schmidt

2002

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The enzymatically based COS uptake is quite well understood (Protoschill-Krebs and Kesselmeier, 1992;Protoschill-Krebs et al, 1996;Haritos and Dojchinov, 2005). Carbonic anhydrase (CA) has been identified as the controlling enzyme for COS uptake in algae, lichens, higher plants and soil (Protoschill-Krebs et al, 1996;Kesselmeier et al, 1999;Blezinger et al, 2000;Kuhn and Kesselmeier, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil atmosphere exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) regulated by diffusivity depending on water-filled pore space

2008

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Abstract. The exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between soil and the atmosphere was investigated for three arable soils from Germany, China and Finland and one forest soil from Siberia for parameterization in the relation to ambient carbonyl sulfide (COS) concentration, soil water content (WC) and air temperature. All investigated soils acted as sinks for COS. A clear and distinct uptake optimum was found for the German, Chinese, Finnish and Siberian soils at 11.5%, 9%, 11.5%, and 9% soil WC, respectively, indicating that the soil WC acts as an important biological and physical parameter for characterizing the exchange of COS between soils and the atmosphere. Different optima of deposition velocities (V d ) as observed for the Chinese, Finnish and Siberian boreal soil types in relation to their soil WC, aligned at 19% in relation to the water-filled pore space (WFPS), indicating the dominating role of gas diffusion. This interpretation was supported by the linear correlation between V d and bulk density. We suggest that the uptake of COS depends on the diffusivity dominated by WFPS, a parameter depending on soil WC, soil structure and porosity of the soil.

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“…Seibt et al, 2010;Wohlfahrt et al, 2011). This is because both OCS and CO 2 molecules diffuse into foliage through the same stomatal pores and through mesophyll cells, where they are rapidly hydrated in an enzymatic reaction with carbonic anhydrase (CA) (Protoschill-Krebs and Kesselmeier, 1992). However, unlike CO 2 , which is reversibly hydrated and converted into bicarbonate, OCS molecules are irreversibly hydrolysed (Elliott et al, 1989) and are not expected to diffuse back to the atmosphere, given the high affinity of CA towards OCS and the high activity of CA usually found in leaves (ProtoschillKrebs et al, 1996;Stimler et al, 2012).…”

Section: J Ogée Et Al: a New Mechanistic Framework To Predict Ocs Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new mechanistic framework to predict OCS fluxes from soils

Ogée¹,

et al. 2016

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Abstract.Estimates of photosynthetic and respiratory fluxes at large scales are needed to improve our predictions of the current and future global CO 2 cycle. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere and has been proposed as a new tracer of photosynthetic gross primary productivity (GPP), as the uptake of OCS from the atmosphere is dominated by the activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme abundant in leaves that also catalyses CO 2 hydration during photosynthesis. However soils also exchange OCS with the atmosphere, which complicates the retrieval of GPP from atmospheric budgets. Indeed soils can take up large amounts of OCS from the atmosphere as soil microorganisms also contain CA, and OCS emissions from soils have been reported in agricultural fields or anoxic soils. To date no mechanistic framework exists to describe this exchange of OCS between soils and the atmosphere, but empirical results, once upscaled to the global scale, indicate that OCS consumption by soils dominates OCS emission and its contribution to the atmospheric budget is large, at about one third of the OCS uptake by vegetation, also with a large uncertainty. Here, we propose a new mechanistic model of the exchange of OCS between soils and the atmosphere that builds on our knowledge of soil CA activity from CO 2 oxygen isotopes. In this model the OCS soil budget is described by a first-order reaction-diffusion-production equation, assuming that the hydrolysis of OCS by CA is total and irreversible. Using this model we are able to explain the observed presence of an optimum temperature for soil OCS uptake and show how this optimum can shift to cooler temperatures in the presence of soil OCS emission. Our model can also explain the observed optimum with soil moisture content previously described in the literature as a result of diffusional constraints on OCS hydrolysis. These diffusional constraints are also responsible for the response of OCS uptake to soil weight and depth observed previously. In order to simulate the exact OCS uptake rates and patterns observed on several soils collected from a range of biomes, different CA activities had to be invoked in each soil type, coherent with expected physiological levels of CA in soil microbes and with CA activities derived from CO 2 isotope exchange measurements, given the differences in affinity of CA for both trace gases. Our model can be used to help upscale laboratory measurements to the plot or the region. Several suggestions are given for future experiments in order to test the model further and allow a better constraint on the large-scale OCS fluxes from both oxic and anoxic soils.

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Enzymatic Pathways for the Consumption of Carbonyl Sulphide (COS) by Higher Plants*

Cited by 119 publications

References 60 publications

The flux of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide between the atmosphere and a spruce forest

The flux of carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide between the atmosphere and a spruce forest

Soil atmosphere exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) regulated by diffusivity depending on water-filled pore space

A new mechanistic framework to predict OCS fluxes from soils

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