ENZYMATIC REACTION OF CROTONYL COENZYME A¹

Mechanisms and structures of crotonase superfamily enzymes – How nature controls enolate and oxyanion reactivity

“…Other CoA independent enzymes/carrier proteins having the CS fold as part of their overall structureClpP (XVII), D1CTPase (XVIII), IRBP (XIX) and the Tricorn protease (XX) 1 The proteolytic subunit of caseinolytic protease (ClpP, XVII) Caseinolytic proteases (Clp) are ubiquitous and involved in various cellular activities, including degradation of misfolded proteins, regulation of shortlived proteins, and the housekeeping removal of dysfunctional proteins [98][99][100][101][102][103]. Clp is implicated in the control of cell growth and the regulation of virulence genes in the pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium [104][105][106].…”

“…The role of the CS fold in IRBP (XIX) is unknown. 1 The relationship of the four proteins described in this section to the rest of the CS has not been extensively discussed. Structural alignments with ECH (XI) were carried out.…”

“…Enoyl-CoA hydratase, which was the first member of the crotonase superfamily (CS) to be identified, catalyzes the simple addition of water to a,bunsaturated coenzyme A (CoA) esters, an important step in fatty acid b-oxidation [1]. Subsequently, CS enzymes have been revealed to catalyze examples from all six classes of reaction defined in the Enzyme Commission (EC) classification scheme (Fig.…”

Energy Transformations in Living Matter

“…The great variety of additional fermentation reactions appears to include only one additional reaction, or type of reaction, which leads directly to the synthesis of ATP and thus belongs to the energy-giving reactions proper. This is the acyl-phosphokinase reaction (STERN andOCHOA 1951, STADT-MAN 1952):…”

Enzymic Mechanisms in the Citric Acid Cycle

“…The enzyme or enzymes involved may be the same as, or similar to, those catalyzing the activation of saturated, unsaturated, and 8-hydroxy fatty acids (251,113,247,143,103). From a physiological standpoint this type of activation appears to have less significance than that utilizing the transfer of CoA from succinyl CoA.…”