In addition to its use for the study of biomolecules in living systems, bioorthogonal chemistry has emerged as ap romising strategyt oe nable protein or drug activation in as patially and temporally controlled manner.T his study demonstrates the application of ab ioorthogonal inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) reaction to cleave trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and vinyl protecting groups from carboxylic acid-containing molecules. The tetrazine-mediated decaging reactionp roceeded under biocompatiblec onditions with fast reaction kinetics (< 2min). The anti-inflammatory activity of ketoprofen was successfully reinstated after decaging of the nontoxic TCOprodrug in live macrophages. Overall, this work expandst he scope of functional groups and the application of decaging reactions to an ew class of drugs.Early research in the fieldo fb ioorthogonal chemistry focused on ligation reactions such as the Staudinger reaction, [1] coppercatalysed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC), [2,3] palladium-catalysed cross-couplings, [4] ruthenium-catalysed olefin metatheses, [5] strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), [6] tetrazole photoinduced 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, [7,8] and inverse electron-demandD iels-Alder (iEDDA) tetrazine ligation. [9,10] Of these, the iEDDA reactionb etween transcyclooctene (TCO) and at etrazine is one of the more selective and fastestb ioorthogonal reactions to date. [11] Since it was first introduced by Fox et al., [9] this reactionh as been used in numerous biological applicationss uch as cell and in vivo pretargeting imaging. [12][13][14] Recently,b ioorthogonal cleavage reactions have emerged as promising strategies to control the activation of caged proteins,f luorophores, and small-molecule drugs in living systems. [15] The TCO-tetrazine iEDDA ligation can be re-engineered into ac leavage reaction by placing a leaving group at the allylic positiono fT CO. After the initial cycloaddition and elimination of nitrogen, the 4,5-dihydropyridazine now contains an appropriatelyp laced substituent that eliminates upon tautomerisation. [10] Robillard'sg roup reported the first use of the TCO-tetrazine reaction for bioorthogonal decaging to release amine-containing drugs ( Figure 1A), in which they demonstrated the release of doxorubicin (Dox) from aT CO carbamate prodrug in vitro. [16] They then applied this "click-to-release" strategy to successfullytrigger the release of Dox and monomethyl auristatin E( MMAE) from an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). [17,18] Mejia Oneto and co-workers also reported targeted in vivo activation of aD ox-TCO carbamate prodrug by injecting an alginate hydrogel modified with tetrazines near the tumour site. [19] Al imitation of the click-toreleases trategy is the need for delivery,a nd therefore optimisation of the pharmacokinetic properties, of both the prodrug and the tetrazine. [20,21] However,t he previously mentioned approaches demonstrate the potential of bioorthogonal decaging reactions for targeted drug activation in vivo.Bioorthogonal chemist...