Enzyme Activity in the Serum of Thoroughbred Horses in the United Kingdom

Blackmore, D. J.; Elton, Debra

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1975.tb03226.x

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…between the two studies are related to time of sampling (Table 5 ) because the Monday pre-exercise CK values were very similar to Discussion those reported by Blackmore and Elton (1975).…”

Section: Normalsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Changes in serum muscle enzyme levels associated with training schedules and stage of the oestrous cycle in Thoroughbred racehorses

Frauenfelder

Rossdale

Ricketts

et al. 1986

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Blood samples were collected twice weekly over a nine month period from 24 Thoroughbred racehorses in training at Newmarket to study the effects of daily training schedules and stage of oestrous cycle on serum enzyme levels and clinical signs of equine exertional myopathy. The sampling period extended from November to July and was performed between 16.00 h and 18.00 h so as to be at least 6 h after exercise. Serum creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and plasma progestogen concentrations were measured. All horses were subjected to a similar traditional training programme. The study demonstrated marked fluctuations in serum muscle enzyme concentrations which were more pronounced in two‐year‐old fillies than three‐year‐old fillies and colts. There was no correlation, however, with the stage of oestrous cycle. It was concluded that some degree of muscle cell damage, which results in a variable increase in serum creatine kinase levels, occurs in all horses following light exercise after a rest day. Traditional flat race training may not be ideal in this respect and it is suggested that, for horses with an observed tendency towards exertional myopathy, more consistent and longer periods of less strenuous exercise may be advantageous.

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“…between the two studies are related to time of sampling (Table 5 ) because the Monday pre-exercise CK values were very similar to Discussion those reported by Blackmore and Elton (1975).…”

Section: Normalsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…strenuous exercise on Wednesdays showed higher values in all found in the present study are far horses. Signs of exertional myopathy occurred on only some of horses (Blackmore and Elton 1975). However, in the Present increased CK levels.…”

Section: Normalmentioning

confidence: 56%

Changes in serum muscle enzyme levels associated with training schedules and stage of the oestrous cycle in Thoroughbred racehorses

Frauenfelder

Rossdale

Ricketts

et al. 1986

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…The mean serum CK activities are in agreement with some recent reports (Blackmore and Elton, 1975;Blackmore and Kent, 1977) but higher than values found in earlier studies (Gerber, 1964(Gerber, , 1969Cardinet et al, 1967) where the "activated" method was not used. …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Tissue and Plasma Activity of Lactic Dehydrogenase and Creatine Kinase in the Horse

Thornton

Lohni

1979

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SUMMARY Lactic dehydrogenase, although widely distributed in most tissues, was more highly concentrated in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, kidney and liver. Isoenzyme patterns showed a selective concentration of LDH5 in skeletal muscle while in the heart LDH 1 and 2 were predominant. In contrast, creatine kinase was only present in substantial concentration in skeletal and cardiac muscle. The serum concentration of both enzymes showed a wide range of activity. RÉSUMÉ La deshydrogénase lactique, bien que largement pRÉSente dans la plupart des tissus, fut trouvée en plus forte concentration dans les muscles striés, dans le muscle cardiaque, dans le rein et dans le foie. En revanche, pour la créatine kinase, les concentrations significatives furent celles du muscle cardiaque et des muscles striés. La concentration sérique des deux enzymes montra une grande variation. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Oblgeich die Laktatdehydrogenase ubiquitär in den meisten Geweben vorkommt, wird sie besonders konzentriert im Skelettmuskel, im Myokard, in der Niere und der Leber gefunden. Die Isoenzymmuster zeigten eine selektive Konzentration von LDH5 im Skelettmuskel, während im Myokard LDH1 und 2 prädominierten. Im Gegensatz dazu fand sich die Kreatinkinase in erheblicher Konzentration nur im Skelett‐ und Herzmuskel. Die Serum‐ konzentrationen beider Enzyme variierten in einem weiten Bereich.

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“…The majority of serum bile acids in the mature horse are unconjugated, 12 and the antiserum in the RIA kit primarily detects the conjugated forms of cholate and chenodeoxycholate. e The GGT and SDH activities of the healthy foals are in good agreement with previously reported values in the neonatal period in which, compared with healthy adult horses, there is minimal to no difference in SDH activity, 10,13 and GGT activity is higher 2 to 4 weeks post-partum. [9][10][11] There was no correlation between GGT activity in the neonatal period and SBA concentration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Serum Bile Acids Concentrations in Healthy and Clinically III Neonatal Foals

Barton

LeRoy

2007

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Reference ranges for serum bile acids (SBA) concentration are well established in healthy adult horses. Increased values are indicative of hepatic disease.Hypotheses: SBA concentrations are significantly greater in the neonatal period compared with mature horses, and illness in the neonatal period will further increase SBA.Animals: Ten healthy mature horses, 12 healthy foals, and 31 clinically ill foals. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study. Blood samples were obtained once from the mature horses, from healthy foals immediately after birth, at 2 days, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks of age; and from ill foals less than 1 month of age at the time of admission to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. SBA concentrations were determined enzymatically and by radioimmunoassay. Total and direct bilirubin and triglyceride concentrations were measured, as well as sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and c-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities.Results: There was a significant negative correlation between age and SBA concentration. Compared with mature horses, SBA concentrations were significantly greater in healthy foals at each collection time over the first 6 weeks of life. Radioimmunoassay values were lower than enzymatic SBA values, with increasing bias as the mean difference between values increased. When comparing age-matched values between healthy and ill foals, there were no significant differences in SBA. None of the ill foals had a primary diagnosis of hepatic disease. There was no significant correlation between the SBA concentration and the bilirubin or triglyceride concentrations or the GGT activity. There was a significant direct correlation between increased SBA and serum SDH activity in healthy foals only.Conclusion and Clinical Importance: SBA concentrations in foals are significantly higher in the early neonatal period, underscoring the importance of using age-matched references when evaluating clinical pathology values during the neonatal period.

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Enzyme Activity in the Serum of Thoroughbred Horses in the United Kingdom

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Changes in serum muscle enzyme levels associated with training schedules and stage of the oestrous cycle in Thoroughbred racehorses

Changes in serum muscle enzyme levels associated with training schedules and stage of the oestrous cycle in Thoroughbred racehorses

Tissue and Plasma Activity of Lactic Dehydrogenase and Creatine Kinase in the Horse

Serum Bile Acids Concentrations in Healthy and Clinically III Neonatal Foals

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