Enzyme-based therapy for autism spectrum disorders – Is it worth another look?

Brudnak, Mark A.; Rimland, Bernard; Kerry, Roy E.; Dailey, Margaret E.; Taylor, Robert M.; Stayton, Bruce; Waickman, Frank; Waickman, Michael; Pangborn, Jon; Buchholz, Ilene

doi:10.1054/mehy.2001.1513

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…hDPPIV regulates various physiological processes including immune system, endocrine functions, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis and cell adhesion. The enzyme removes dipeptides from N-terminus of regulatory peptides such as chemokines, neuropeptides and peptide hormones (Reichelt et al 1981;Shattock et al 1990; Urade et al 2006;Iwaki-Egawa et al 1998;Mentlein 1999;Brudnak 2001;Brudnak et al 2002;Langford 2003;Lambeir et al 2002;Reichelt and Knivsberg 2003;Aertgeerts et al 2004;Reinhold et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of the effects of transfection with baculovirus on Sf9 cell line and expression of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human dipeptidylpeptidase IV (hDPPIV) is an enzyme that is in hydrolase class and has various roles in different parts of human body. Its deficiency may cause some disorders in the gastrointestinal, neurologic, endocrinological and immunological systems of humans. In the present study, hDPPIV enzyme was expressed on Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cell lines as a host cell, and the expression of hDPPIV was obtained by a baculoviral expression system. The enzyme production, optimum multiplicity of infection, optimum transfection time, infected and uninfected cell size and cell behavior during transfection were also determined. For maximum hDPPIV (269 mU mL -1 ) enzyme, optimum multiplicity of infection (MOI) and time were 0.1 and 72 h, respectively. The size of infected cells increased significantly (P \ 0.001) after 24 h post infection. The results indicated that Sf9 cell line was applicable to the large scale for hDPPIV expression by using optimized parameters (infection time and MOI) because of its high productivity (4.03 mU m L -1 h -1 ).

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of the effects of transfection with baculovirus on Sf9 cell line and expression of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Twenty-nine of the 46 subjects completed the trial, with personal issues, lack of palatability, and behavioural or medical side effects given as reasons for withdrawal from the study. The results of this study are limited due to its open, uncontrolled design, however Brudnak et al (2002) reported a significant positive trend for each of the 13 parameters measured on the Symptom Outcome Survey.…”

Section: Digestive Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Notably, only one type of enzyme product was tested and results may not be generalisable to other digestive enzyme products that are used for this purpose. Although only randomised controlled trials were used to assess efficacy in this study, it is noteworthy that Brudnak et al (2002) reported a case series with post-test outcomes following supplementation with a formulated combination of enzymes in children with ASD. Twenty-nine of the 46 subjects completed the trial, with personal issues, lack of palatability, and behavioural or medical side effects given as reasons for withdrawal from the study.…”

Section: Digestive Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An open and uncontrolled trial that investigated the efficacy of a dietary enzyme supplement (ENZYMAID) in autism also investigated adverse effects (Brudnak et al 2002). Six of the children (13%) enrolled in the study experienced adverse effects including: hyperactivity, increased aggression, increased self-stimulatory behaviours, diarrhoea, loose stools, provocation or red ears and cheeks, increased hunger and cessation of eating.…”

Section: Digestive Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Complementary Medicine Products Used in Autism - Evidence for Efficacy and Safety

Semple¹,

Hewton²,

Paterson³

et al. 2011

Autism Spectrum Disorders - From Genes to Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Brudnak et al [2002] reports an open clinical trial with a formulated combination of enzymes (EnzymAid™) and probiotic agent (acidophilus) in which 29 of 46 subjects completed the trial. Personal issues, lack of palatability of the preparation, and behavioral or medical side effects (n ϭ 6) were cited as reasons for leaving the study.…”

Section: Digestive Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel treatments for autistic spectrum disorders

Levy

Hyman

2005

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In no area of developmental pediatric practice is there more controversy regarding the choice of treatment than related to children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Complementary and alternative medical therapies (CAM) are often elected because they are perceived as treating the cause of symptoms rather than the symptoms themselves. CAM used for autism can be divided by proposed mechanism: immune modulation, gastrointestinal, supplements that affect neurotransmitter function, and nonbiologic intervention. Secretin as a therapy for autism is discussed as an example of how a clinical observation rapidly grew to a widespread treatment before well-designed studies demonstrated absence of effect. The plausibility for behavioral effect was not substantiated by clinical studies. CAM used for treatment of autism is examined in terms of rationale, evidence of efficacy, side effects, and additional commentary. Families and clinicians need access to well-designed clinical evidence to assist them in choice of therapies.

show abstract

Enzyme-based therapy for autism spectrum disorders – Is it worth another look?

Cited by 39 publications

References 11 publications

Monitoring of the effects of transfection with baculovirus on Sf9 cell line and expression of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV

Monitoring of the effects of transfection with baculovirus on Sf9 cell line and expression of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV

Complementary Medicine Products Used in Autism - Evidence for Efficacy and Safety

Novel treatments for autistic spectrum disorders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About