Enzyme Biocatalysis in Organic Synthesis

Abstract

The factor that makes enzyme biocatalysts for organic synthesis both fascinating and challenging from a scientific standpoint is the field's higher interdisciplinarity, and which necessitates expertise from a wide range of disciplines, including microbiology, organic synthesis, molecular biology, genetics, and reaction engineering. Enzymes can now carry out a wide variety of organic reactions, including hydrolytic reactions, redox reactions, and C-C bond formations, with higher performance. Enzyme catalysis has also evolved into a widely used manufacturing technology in the chemical industry, especially in the fields of fine organic chemicals and pharmaceuticals. More advances in molecular modeling for enzyme-catalysis syntheses are expected, allowing for a greater number of biocatalytic techniques based on the enzymes that have been optimized or engineered by rationalized protein engineering. The organic chemists mostly have successfully used these custom-made biocatalysts (the isolated pure enzymes, the recombinant genetically modified microorganisms, also known as the designer cells), an important milestone in the enzyme catalysis process in organic synthesis is into generally accepted synthetic technology for academia as well as industries.

Mediated electron transfer in a photo-bioreactor: continuous flow hydroxylation using cytochrome P450 BM3 in NADPH-free conditions

“…Enzyme catalysis offers advantages over traditional chemical catalysts, including high selectivity, cost-effectiveness, low toxicity and eco-friendliness, 1,2 making it attractive for use in various industries such as food, agriculture, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and energy. [1][2][3][4] Enzyme catalysis has been successfully implemented in the production of fine organic chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and waste treatment, and has also been scaled up for commercial processes. 3 Advances in enzyme engineering and biocatalytic processes have further expanded the potential uses of enzyme catalysis.…”

“…Overall, enzyme catalysis has significant potential in various industries, and its advantages continue to drive its implementation in industrial processes. [1][2][3][5][6][7][8] Oxidoreductases (EC1) catalyze redox reactions by electron transfer between an electron donor (reducer) and an electron acceptor (oxidant), and are among the most widespread enzymes in nature. 3,9 They include oxidases, peroxidases, monooxygenases, reductases, dehydrogenases and hydrogenases.…”

“…Overall, enzyme catalysis has significant potential in various industries, and its advantages continue to drive its implementation in industrial processes. 1–3,5–8…”

Optimized biotransformation of acid-treated water melon peel hydrolyzate into ethanol

“…waste watermelon is produced. The watermelon peels may pollute our surroundings which is a major challenge to handle (Gin et al, 2014;Ali et al, 2021;Yaseen et al, 2021). Numerous pathogens rapidly cultivate on watermelon waste that may result in production of hazardous chemicals, effecting the human health (Yaseen et al, 2021).…”

“…The watermelon peels may pollute our surroundings which is a major challenge to handle (Gin et al, 2014;Ali et al, 2021;Yaseen et al, 2021). Numerous pathogens rapidly cultivate on watermelon waste that may result in production of hazardous chemicals, effecting the human health (Yaseen et al, 2021). Employment of this organic waste for valuable industrial productions will not only reduce the environmental pollution but also improve human health.…”