Enzyme electrode for urea with amperometric indication: part IâBasic principle

Kirstein, D.

doi:10.1016/0265-928x(85)85007-0

Cited by 43 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…An amperometric urea sensor based on the pH dependence of the anodic oxidation of hydrazine [365] can be utilized in the Glukometer GKM 02 for hemodialysis monitoring. For urea concentration in dialyzate the following correlation with the Berthelot method was obtained : y = (0.9912~ + 0.125) mM; r = 0.997 (n = 67).…”

Section: Umamentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Features of Biosensors

Schmidt¹,

Schuhmann²,

Mnchen³

et al. 1995

Sensors Set

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Section: Umamentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Features of Biosensors

Schmidt¹,

Schuhmann²,

Mnchen³

et al. 1995

Sensors Set

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“…Numerous works have been carried out on the preparation of urease-based sensors using potentiometric ammonium ion-selective electrodes [1][2][3][4][5], ammonia gas electrodes [6], and pH electrodes [7][8][9][10]. Amperometric biosensors which have emerged as the most commonly used biosensors, are considered a promising for urea determination because of their effectiveness and simplicity [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amperometric enzyme electrode for urea determination using immobilized urease in poly(vinylferrocenium) film

Kuralay

Özyörük

Yıldız

2006

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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The development of a new urea biosensor is described by immobilizing urease in poly(vinylferrocenium) (PVF + ) matrix. A PVF + ClO 4 − film was coated on Pt electrode at +0.7 V versus an Ag/AgCl by electrooxidation of poly(vinylferrocene) in methylene chloride containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP). The enzyme modified electrode PVF + E − was prepared by anion-exchange in an enzyme solution in 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. The effects of polymeric film thickness, concentration of enzyme solution, immobilization time of the enzyme, pH and temperature of the medium, concentration of the buffer solution and possible interferents were investigated. The amperometric enzyme electrode developed in this study provided linearity to urea in the 1-250 M urea concentration range. The detection limit under the optimum working conditions was determined as 1 M for urea. The enzyme electrode was found to be stable for 29 days. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K M app ) value and the activation energy, E a , of this immobilized enzyme system were found to be 2.54 × 10 −4 M and 5.90 kcal mol −1 for urea, respectively.

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“…[3][4][5][6][7] The assay of urea can be followed by many different techniques such as colorimetry, 3 fluorometry, 4 and electrochemistry. 7 Most of enzyme-modified electrodes [8][9][10][11][12] for urea have been used to potentiometric method. But, potentiometric methods using an urease have several disadvantages such as slow-response time and interference effect by the Na + and K + ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But, potentiometric methods using an urease have several disadvantages such as slow-response time and interference effect by the Na + and K + ions. Therefore, Adams 11 et al assayed urea by colorimetric method using an immobilized enzyme reactor, and Kirsten 12 et al developed an amperometric sensor for urea by measuring the current from the electrochemical oxidation of hydrazine. Seo 13 et al determined NH4 + by amperometric method, using immobilization of L-glutamate dehydrogenase on the Immobilon-AV affinity membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amperometric Determination of Urea Using Enzyme-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

Yang¹,

Ha²,

Baek³

et al. 2004

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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An amperometric biosensor based on carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) for the determination of urea was constructed by enzyme (urease/GL-DH)-modified method. Urea was hydrolyzed to NH 4 + by catalyzing urease onto the enzyme-modified electrode surface in sample solution. In the presence of α-ketoglutarate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH), a liberated NH 4 + produce to L-glutamate and NAD + by Lglutamate dehydrogenase (GL-DH). After the chemical reaction was proceeded, the electrochemical reaction was occurred that an excess of the NADH was oxidized to NAD + . The oxidation current of NADH was monitored at +1.10 volt vs. Ag/AgCl. An optimum conditions of biosensor were investigated: The optimum pH range for catalyzed hydrolysis reaction of urea was pH 7.0-7.4. The linear response range and detection limit were 2.0 × 10 −5~2.0 × 10 −4 M and 5.0 × 10 −6 M, respectively. Another physiological species did not interfere, except L-ascorbic acid.

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Enzyme electrode for urea with amperometric indication: part IâBasic principle

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Specific Features of Biosensors

Specific Features of Biosensors

Amperometric enzyme electrode for urea determination using immobilized urease in poly(vinylferrocenium) film

Amperometric Determination of Urea Using Enzyme-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

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Enzyme electrode for urea with amperometric indication: part IâBasic principle

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Specific Features of Biosensors

Specific Features of Biosensors

Amperometric enzyme electrode for urea determination using immobilized urease in poly(vinylferrocenium) film

Amperometric Determination of Urea Using Enzyme-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

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Enzyme electrode for urea with amperometric indication: part IâBasic principle