Enzyme Immobilization in Biodegradable Polymers for Biomedical Applications

Costa, S; Azevedo, Helena S.; Reis, Rui L.

doi:10.1201/9780203491232.ch17

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Enzyme immobilization can be archived via several reported methods such as covalent attachment to the surface of water-insoluble material, entrapment inside a matrix or gel that is permeable to an enzyme, substrate and products, encapsulation and adsorption of an enzyme on a solid support [20,21]. However, there is no single immobilization method which serves well for all enzymes.…”

Section: Immobilization Of Invertase Enzymes On Cnsl-mtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous Materials Prepared Using Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and Castor Oil as Surfactants

Mgaya¹,

Mubofu²

2019

Mesoporous Materials - Properties and Applications

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Preparation of useful materials using renewable resources, which are not in competition with food production is of particular importance in the current efforts to replace non-renewable resources. One example of a potential renewable resource, which is attracting the attention of researchers in the preparation of useful materials is cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). CNSL which is a by-product of cashew processing factories, is a mixture of four potential compounds, namely anacardic acid, cardanol, cardol and 2-methyl cardol. Among other potential applications, cashew nut shell liquid is a good template source for preparation of mesoporous materials. Heterogeneous catalysts prepared using CNSL templates are more efficient than those prepared using the commercially available templates. The pore sizes of mesoporous materials prepared using CNSL templates are large (up to 25 nm) enough to immobilize enzymes. Another renewable resource; castor oil, has also been reported to be a good template source for preparation of mesoporous materials. This chapter therefore is aimed at describing in detail the preparation, characterization and applications of mesoporous materials templated by cashew nut shell liquid and castor oil.

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Section: Immobilization Of Invertase Enzymes On Cnsl-mtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous Materials Prepared Using Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and Castor Oil as Surfactants

Mgaya¹,

Mubofu²

2019

Mesoporous Materials - Properties and Applications

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“…Adsorption is the adhesion of lipase on the surface of the adsorbent by weak forces, such as van der Walls, ionic and hydrophobic interactions, or dispersion forces [28]. Immobilization via adsorption method is the simply mixing of an aqueous solution of enzyme with the carrier material for a period and washing away the excess enzyme from the immobilized enzyme on the carrier after a time [29]. The level of adsorption is strictly related to the pH, temperature and ionic strength.…”

Section: Adsorption Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another approach is covalent binding technique, which is the formation of covalent bonds between the aldehyde groups of support surface and active amino acid residues on the surface of the enzyme [29]. A variety of supports have been used such inorganic materials, natural polymers (agarose, chitin and chitosan), synthetic polymers (hydrophobic polypeptides,nylon fibers) and Eupergit® (made by copolymerization of N,N ' -methylenebis-(methacrylamide), glycidyl methacrylate, allyl glycidyl ether and methacrylamide) for immobilization of lipases by covalent binding [56].The main advantage of covalent binding method is obtaining thermal and operational stable enzymes because of strong interactions between the lipase and the carrier [31].…”

Section: Covalent Binding Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Entrapment method is based on capturing of the lipase within a polymer network that retains the enzyme but allows the substrate and products to pass through [72]. This method can be simply defined as mixing an enzyme with a polymer solution and then crosslinking the polymer to form a lattice structure that captures the enzyme [29]. Entrapment is often used for industrial applications because the method is fast, cheap and can be carried out under mild conditions [73].…”

Section: Entrapment Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipase Applications in Biodiesel Production

Yücel¹,

Terzioğlu²,

Özçimen³

2012

Biodiesel - Feedstocks, Production and Applications

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“…12,13 Of the three large family of materialsinorganic, (bio)organic and metalsthe largest libraries of 3D immobilization matrices methodologies belong to the rst two, examples being metal-oxide matrices such as sol-gel family of materials, 10,[13][14][15] and organic matrices such as cross-linked polymers. 16 The most common metal used in the immobilization context is gold, because of its inertness to most biological processes and its low toxicity, 17 which have led to the use of gold in diagnostics and many other therapeutic elds. 18 However, these studies employed mainly 2D architectures where enzymes have been anchored by physisorption, chemisorption or covalent bonding to the gold surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymes in a golden cage

Baruch-Shpigler

Avnir

2020

Chem. Sci.

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We describe a general method for the entrapment of enzymes within bulk metallic gold. This is a new approach for the immobilization of enzymes on metals, which is commonly carried out by 2D adsorption or covalent biding, that is, the enzyme is in contact with the metal at a specific contact zone of the enzyme, while most of the rest of it remains exposed to the environment. The 3D metallic encaging of the enzymes is quite different: the enzyme is in contact with the metallic cage walls all around it and is well protected inside. The porous nature of the metallic matrix enables substrate molecules to diffuse inside, reach the active site, and let product molecules diffuse out. The generality of the approach was proven by the successful entrapment of five enzymes representing different classes and different bioand medical applications: L-asparaginase (Asp), collagenase, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), laccase and glucose oxidase (GOx). GOx-gold conjugates have been of particular interest in the literature. The main challenge we had to solve was how to keep the enzyme active in the process of gold-synthesis from its cationthis required careful tailoring of reaction conditions, which are detailed in the paper. The gold entrapped enzymes gain thermal stability and protectability against harsh conditions. For instance, we could keep Asp alive at the extreme pH of 13, which normally kills the enzyme instantly. The entrapped enzymes obey the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and activation energies were determined. Good recyclability for eight cycles was found. Multi-enzymatic reactions by combinations of the off-the-shelf bioactive enzyme@gold powders are possible, as demonstrated for the classical detection of GOx activity with HRP. Detailed material characterization and proposed mechanisms for the 3D protectability of the enzymes are provided. The new enzyme immobilization method is of wide potential uses in medicine, biotechnology, bio-fuel cells and enzymatic (electro)sensing applications.Scheme 1 (Top) Entrapped enzyme (glucose oxidase, GOx) within a golden cage. In redthe surface amino acids of GOx which contain gold binding moieties (thiols, amines, imines and carboxylate anions, taken from PDB file 1CF3). (Bottom) The entrapment processsee also Scheme 2. Scheme 2The mechanism of entrapmentsee text for details. Bottom: 2D adsorption, a completely different architecture compared with the 3D entrapment.This journal is

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Enzyme Immobilization in Biodegradable Polymers for Biomedical Applications

Cited by 29 publications

References 75 publications

Mesoporous Materials Prepared Using Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and Castor Oil as Surfactants

Mesoporous Materials Prepared Using Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and Castor Oil as Surfactants

Lipase Applications in Biodiesel Production

Enzymes in a golden cage

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