Enzyme-mediated selective toxicity of an organophosphate and a pyrethroid: some examples from a range of animals

Hutson, D. H.; Millburn, Peter

doi:10.1042/bst0190737

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The importance of metabolic processes in pyrethroid toxicity in various animal species has been studied by various research groups (Abernathy et al 1973;Edwards et al 1986;Hutson and Millburn 1991). The trout has a limited capacity for metabolism through monooxygenases and hepatic esterases, and this may explain why it is much more sensitive to trans-permethrin toxicity 9 The trans configurations of many pyrethroids are much less toxic than the corresponding cis isomers, since they are hydrolyzed much more rapidly than the latter (Abernathy et al 1973).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute toxicity of two pyrethroids, permethrin, and cypermethrin in neonatal and adult rats

Cantalamessa

1993

Arch Toxicol

158

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The present study aims specifically at obtaining a comparison of the acute toxicity of cypermethrin (CY), a type I pyrethroid, and permethrin (PERM), a type II pyrethroid, administered orally as a single dose to neonatal and adult rats, and at assessing the importance of pyrethroid biotransformation in CY and PERM toxicity through use of drug metabolism inhibitors. Our experiments show that CY is more toxic than PERM to adult and neonatal rats. The sensitivity of neonatal rats both to CY and to PERM toxicity is higher, the younger the animals. CY is much more toxic than PERM in the neonatal rat, compared with the adult. In rats aged 8, 16, and 21 days, pretreatment with piperonyl butoxide (PB), a monooxygenase inhibitor, or with tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOTP), an esterase inhibitor, does not produce significant variations in the lethal effects of CY and PERM. Instead, in the adult rats, a significant increase in CY (chi 2 = 5.97; p < 0.05) and PERM (chi 2 = 4.37; p < 0.05) mortality occurred in rats pretreated with esterase inhibitors, whereas no increase in CY and PERM toxicity was found in adult animals pretreated with monooxygenase inhibitor. It was concluded that the higher level of sensitivity of the neonate rat to pyrethroid toxicity is probably due to incomplete development of the enzymes which catalyze the metabolism of pyrethroids in the liver of young animals. It is suggested that ester hydrolysis is an important pyrethroids detoxification reaction in the adult rat.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major biotransformation reaction of cypermethrin in mouse and bobwhite quail is ester cleavage (Edwards et al 1986), where the trans-isomer is hydrolyzed faster than its cis-analogue by microsomal carboxylesterase (Hutson and Millburn 1991).…”

Section: Permethrin (Perm) (3-phenoxybenzyl-(1rs)-cis Trans-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute toxicity of two pyrethroids, permethrin, and cypermethrin in neonatal and adult rats

Cantalamessa

1993

Arch Toxicol

158

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“…Transformed by oxidative de-ethylation (e.g. chlorfenvinphos) owing to hepatic microsomal mono-oxygenase enzymes in insects (Hutson and Millburn, 1991).…”

Section: Selection Of Biomarkers Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted environmental monitoring for the effects of medicines used to treat sea-lice infestation on farmed fish

Davies

Rodger²,

Redshaw

et al. 2001

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Farmed Atlantic salmon often suffer from sea-lice infestations, which are commonly controlled by the use of a variety of medicines, and the fate of these medicines has implications for the health of the marine environment around fish farms. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) is responsible for monitoring and protecting the quality of Scottish coastal waters and for regulating discharges which may affect water quality, including releases of medicines from fish farms. We review the utility of established biological effects measurements (biomarkers and bioassays) for monitoring the effects of these medicines. The specificity and suitability of biological effects techniques to the mode of toxic action, metabolism, and environmental fate of the medicines are considered. It is concluded that scope-for-growth measurements in wild and deployed mussels (Mytilus edulis) and lugworm (Arenicola marina) bioassays, in combination with a suite of biomarker techniques, offer the best possibilities.

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The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model of organophosphate-induced mammalian neurotoxicity

Cole

Anderson

Williams

2004

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

151

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Enzyme-mediated selective toxicity of an organophosphate and a pyrethroid: some examples from a range of animals

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Acute toxicity of two pyrethroids, permethrin, and cypermethrin in neonatal and adult rats

Acute toxicity of two pyrethroids, permethrin, and cypermethrin in neonatal and adult rats

Targeted environmental monitoring for the effects of medicines used to treat sea-lice infestation on farmed fish

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model of organophosphate-induced mammalian neurotoxicity

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