Enzymic interesterification of fats: Laboratory and pilot‐scale studies with immobilized lipase from <i>Rhizopus arrhizus</i>

Wisdom, Richard; Dunnill, P.; Lilly, M. D.

doi:10.1002/bit.260290907

Cited by 72 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Other minor components related to oil quality are also very important for the lipase activity. It was observed that a high purity of feedstock had better performance to maintain the enzyme activity by using high purity of shea oleine instead of shea oil [26]. The oil with high peroxide value (PV) decreased initial reac- tion rate for the glycerolysis [27].…”

Section: Feedstock Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Practical Process Aspects for Lipozyme TL IM Catalyzed Bulk Fat Modification in a Batch Reactor

Zhang¹

2007

TOBIOTJ

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A few issues to apply Lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed interesterification for bulk fat modification were investigated in a batch reactor system with concerning practical process development. The hydrolyzed products, i.e. free fatty acids and diglycerides, generated from the Lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed interesterification process due to water participation, can be minimized by enzyme pre-treatment. For the interesterified products, free fatty acids formed by hydrolysis had softening effect on solid fat content and diglycerides retarded crystal transformation during storage. Reaction time was more critical for the reduction of acyl migration than the control of water content in the system. The temperature effect on the rate of interesterification in terms of Q 10 value was determined as 1.3, meaning that the increase of reaction rate was limited by the increase of temperature. Therefore, for practical implementations, a temperature of 60-70 °C which the feed stock can be totally melted for the reaction should be used in consideration of enzyme stability. The quality of feedstock was confirmed to be critical to maintain the enzyme activity and the refined, bleached, and deodorized oil should be used as the feedstock.

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Section: Feedstock Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Practical Process Aspects for Lipozyme TL IM Catalyzed Bulk Fat Modification in a Batch Reactor

Zhang¹

2007

TOBIOTJ

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“…This type is versatile and simple and provides more surface area for reaction than membrane reactors. The packed-bed reactor has been employed for lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis and interesterification reactions by a number of investigators (Layvayre and Baratti, 1982;Macrae, 1983;Wisdom et al, 1987;.…”

Section: Packe'd-bed or Fixed-bed Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Granules of various sizes with lipase attached to them (Layvayre and Baratti, 1982;Macrae, 1983;Wisdom et al, 1987; or lipase-containing dried mycelia (Bell et al, 1981) are usually confined in a jacketed column.…”

Section: Packe'd-bed or Fixed-bed Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solvents used in a single liquid phase include diisopropyl ether (Bell et al, 1981), petroleum ether (Macrae, 1985), and hexane (Wisdom et al, 1987). In the case of multi-phase liquid systems, the two streams may flow through the reactor in opposite directions with the denser phase flowing downwards, or in the same direction .…”

Section: Packe'd-bed or Fixed-bed Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrolysis of fats and oils with moist oat caryopses

Parmar

Hammond

1994

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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To improve the economic feasibility of hydrolyzing fats and oils with moist oat caryopses, various factors affecting the efficiency of the process were studied. Caryopses produced with an impact‐type dehuller exhibited greater lipase activity than those produced by a wringer‐type dehuller. Abrasion of oat caryopses against each other in a fluidized bed released particles rich in lipase. Such lipase concentrates could be added to moist caryopsis reactors to speed fat hydrolysis. Beef tallow, lard, soybean oil and crambe oil were hydrolyzed more efficiently than corn oil, castor oil and milk fat. The poor hydrolysis of castor oil was attributed to the formation of esters with the hydroxy group of ricinoleic acid, and the hydrolysis of castor oil was increased by dilution of the substrate with hexane. Diglycerides inhibited the hydrolysis and accounted for the slower hydrolysis of corn oil. Hydrolysis of milk fat by moist oat caryopses resulted in preferential hydrolysis of C6 to C10 acids. Erucic acid was released from crambe oil at significantly slower rates than the other acyl groups. High conversions of fats and oils to free fatty acids could be attained by (i) exposing the fats and oils to two to three lots of moist caryopses, (ii) the use of special oat varieties with elevated lipase content, (iii) the addition of oat lipase concentrates to moist caryopsis reactors, and (iv) dilution of the substrate with hexane. Estimates of the cost of producing free fatty acids with these processes indicated that the first three should be profitable. Growth ofClostridium sporogenes spores could not be demonstrated in caryopsis reactors. During the incubation of moist oat caryopses immersed in oil, the free fatty acid content of the internal caryopsis lipid increased only slightly, but there were changes in its fatty acid composition.

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“…Interesterification is a process that is used to modify the structure and composition of oils and fats to improve their physical and nutritional properties (1,2). Conventionally, the interesterification reaction is promoted by sodium metal or sodium alkoxide to catalyze acyl migration between triglyceride molecules and to produce randomly distributed fatty acyl residues among the triglyceride molecules (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of interesterification on glyceride structure

El-Shattory¹,

Aly²

1998

Grasas y Aceites

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RESUMENEfecto de la fnteresterificación sobre la estructura gliceridica.Se ha llevado a cabo el proceso de interesterificación en aceite de soja -ácido oleico (2:1 w/w) a diferentes concentraciones de níquel como catalizador (0.4 y 0.6%), a una temperatura de 90°C y a un tiempo de batido de 4 horas. La hidrólisis de la estructura glicerídica individual se hizo usando lipasa pancreática para obtener 2-monoglicéridos. El cálculo se llevó a catx) para determinar la estructura glicerídica del aceite de soja interesterificado. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Aceite de soja SUMMARY Effect of interesterification on glyceride structureInteresterification process on soybean oil -oleic acid (2:1 w/w) was carried out under different concentration of nickel catalyst (0.4 and 0.6%), at temperature 90°C and stirring for 4 hours. The ¡lydrolysis of individual glyceride structure was done using pancreatic lipase to obtain 2-monoglycerides. Calculation was recorded to determine the glyceride structure of the interesterified soybean oil. KEY-WORDS: Glyceride (structure)-

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Enzymic interesterification of fats: Laboratory and pilot‐scale studies with immobilized lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus

Cited by 72 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of Practical Process Aspects for Lipozyme TL IM Catalyzed Bulk Fat Modification in a Batch Reactor

Evaluation of Practical Process Aspects for Lipozyme TL IM Catalyzed Bulk Fat Modification in a Batch Reactor

Hydrolysis of fats and oils with moist oat caryopses

Effect of interesterification on glyceride structure

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