Enzymological and Physicochemical Evaluation of the Effects of Soil Management Practices

Abstract

Soil enzymes activities have been considered as sensitive indicators of alteration soil quality by management. In order to obtain new data on the soil enzymological effects of soil management practices, we have determined some enzymatic activities in a preluvosoil submitted to a complex tillage and crop rotation experiment at the Agricultural Research and Development Station in Oradea (Bihor County). Actual and potential dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and catalase activities were investigated in a split plot experiment where tillage (no-till and conventional tillage) was the main plot and crop rotation (Wheat/Maize, W/M; Soybean/Maize, S/M; Oats-Clover/maize, O-C/M) was the subplot. Soil samples were taken at 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. Each activity in both non-tilled and conventionally tilled soil under maize crop decreased with increasing sampling depth. It was found that no-till, in comparison with conventional tillage, resulted in insignificantly higher (p]0.10) soil enzymatic activities in the 0-20 cm layer and insignificantly (at least at p]0.10) lower activities in the deeper layers, excepting actual and potential dehydrogenase activities in the 40-60 cm layer, in which these activities were significantly lower(0.02]p]0.01). Based on the absolute values of the enzymatic activities, the enzymatic indicator of soil quality (EISQ) was calculated. The EISQ values ranged between 0.201 and 0.974 indicating the presence of high enzymatic activities in the upper layer and a moderate intensity of the enzymatic activities in the deeper layers. A significant correlation between soil enzyme activities and physical and chemical indicators was established.

Method of Selecting a Decontamination Site Deployment for Chemical Accident Consequences Elimination: Application of Multi-Criterial Analysis

“…Among the background information that a commander may get is also the evaluation of the influence of the geographical environment on a specific activity that shall be carried out within the decontamination action. A suitable method when evaluating the influence of geographical environment is a multi-criterial analysis and use of digital When decontaminating and removing the consequences of mass destruction weapons abuse and dangerous industrial substances abuse, one of the decisive factors of the operation's success rate is an evaluation of the influence of geographical environment on the activities related to the fulfilling of the task [16,17]. The geographical environment may accelerate, or on the contrary postpone, the time of initiation of the action and its completion time, thus influencing the whole operational effectiveness of the combat activity.…”

Combating the Erosion Phenomenon. The Decanting Pondfromfânaţe Village, Bihor County, Romania−Case Study

“…On a global scale, it is estimated that around 10 billion tonnes of soil is eroded annually through natural processes, but man-made erosion is 2.5 times more intense -26 billion tonnes/year. This phenomenon is a direct consequence of the inappropriate exploitation of the soil, but also of its pollution.Anthropogenic activities such as industrial, mining, agricultural and household, and the inappropriate disposal of wastes result in the accumulation of some pollutants in the soil surface, causing serious damage to the environment [5][6][7][8][9].In the last decades, the quantities of fertilizers used in agriculture [10] have increased considerably.This can lead to the alteration and deterioration of soil properties and structure [11,12], with direct consequences on the quality and quantity of active and nutritive principles in grown plants [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Romania has a long history of mining useful substances such as gold, copper, lead, zinc, silver, manganese, salt and coal.However, due to the deplorable years of exploitation of the environment and mineral extraction technologies, mines and related ore processing industries have affected the environment in a negative way, resulting in an important burden on the water, air and soil of ecosystems [3,[23][24][25][26].…”

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Hypericum perforatum L. Extract and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity

“…In the vegetal product are also present its oxidized derivative, pseudo hypericin, and isomers of these two compounds, proto hypericin and proto pseudo hypericin [34]. Clearly, as for any plant, the concentration of active compounds in the different parts of the plant varies depending on the soil's characteristics [35,36] and climatic conditions [37].…”