Eosinophilic Cellulitis in a Child Successfully Treated with Cetirizine

Abstract

Eosinophilic cellulitis was ¢rst described in 1979 by Wells & Smith (1) as a recurrent granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia. It is a rare skin condition usually a¡ecting adults and only a few cases have ever been reported in children. CASE REPORT A 12-year-old girl presented with an erythematous, papular, occasionally pruritic eruption covering both her legs. Her main complaint was aesthetic. The rash consisted of grouped red papules 10^15 mm in size. The patient was afebrile and reported no arthralgia or any other systemic symptoms. She denied any recent arthropod bite, viral or fungal infection, or ingestion of any kind of drug. The eruption had been recurrent since the age of 4 years. Originally only the shins had been a¡ected but gradually, on successive eruptions, the lesions were extending to the thighs. There was no personal or family history of atopy. The physical examination and haematological and biochemical evaluations were normal apart from blood eosinophilia. IgE value and standard RAST tests were normal. The patient had been using topical steroids for nodular prurigo with no bene¢t. Histopathological examination revealed hyperkeratosis in the epidermis and necrosis of the epidermal cells. Marked oedema and focal formation of subepidermal eosinophilic pustules were seen at the papillary dermis. Both normal and basophilic degenerated collagen ¢bres were observed in the dermis covered by eosinophilic granules, i.e. foci consistent with``£ame ¢gures''. In£ammatory in¢ltrate of eosinophils, a few neutrophils, nuclear debris, lymphocytes and histiocytes, the latter forming focal aggregates, was detected among the altered collagen ¢bres. There was also similar perivascular in¢ltrate, although no signs of vasculitis were recognized. PAS stain for fungi was negative. Our patient with a body weight of 49 kg was treated with cetirizine tablets. The initial dose was 10 mg three times daily and 2 weeks later this was reduced to 10 mg once daily for 4 more weeks. The girl felt mild sleepiness only at the beginning of the course. Full recovery was noticed by the end of the fourth week of treatment and some residual hyperpigmentation was the only complaint, which responded quickly to topical treatment with 10% AHA (alpha-hydroxy acids). On follow-up the skin remained clear over a period of 18 months. However, 12 months after discontinuation of the treatment the patient developed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type 1.

Use of H-1 Antihistamine in Dermatology: More than Itch and Urticaria Control: A Systematic Review

“…Exclusive use of antihistamines had 25% of resolution rate in eosinophilic cellulitis [ 53 ]. Cetirizine was preferred, as it inhibits eosinophil and neutrophil chemotaxis, and cetirizine alone gave a quick response and offered prolonged remission in one pediatric case [ 54 ].…”

Wells' Syndrome Mimicking Facial Cellulitis: A Report of Two Cases

“…This patient was a 12-year-old girl who developed recurrent pruritic papulonodular lesions of both legs. Cetirizine induced rapid response and permitted prolonged remission for 18 months [ 9 ]. Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated that cetirizine, a metabolite of hydroxyzine, and levocetirizine inhibit transepidermal migration and chemotaxis of eosinophils [ 10 ].…”