Eosinophils are required for the maintenance of plasma cells in the bone marrow

Chu, Van Trung; Fröhlich, Andreas; Steinhauser, Gudrun; Scheel, Tobias; Roch, Toralf; Fillatreau, Simon; Lee, James J.; Löhning, Max; Berek, Claudia

doi:10.1038/ni.1981

Cited by 459 publications

(483 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Thus, despite being redundant for the expulsion of most nematodes, eosinophils might be important for wound healing and tissue regeneration in which they have been implicated in nonmucosal tissues. [194][195][196] Eosinophils have also been shown to promote the survival of long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow 197 as well as the generation of IgA-secreting plasma cells in the gastrointestinal tract 179,198 (at least in the small intestine 199 ) via the production of IL-1b, suggesting that they might affect secondary challenge infections where antibodies presumably play a larger role. Indeed, both IL-5 and eosinophildeficient mice harbor increased numbers of N. brasiliensis larvae after secondary infection, 89 with similar results during secondary T. spiralis infection.…”

Section: Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity to gastrointestinal nematode infections

2018

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Section: Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity to gastrointestinal nematode infections

2018

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“…Stromal cells do not express BAFF or APRIL themselves, and it is obvious that those ligands of BCMA, the second essential survival signal for memory plasma cells, have to be provided by other cells, which we have termed “accessory” cells of the niche. Eosinophilic granulocytes,51 basophilic granulocytes,52 megakaryocytes,53 and monocytic cells54 have been described as accessory niche cells. Priorities and redundancies among these cell types have not finally been resolved 55, 56.…”

Section: Conditional Survival Of Memory Plasma Cells—the Memory Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological memories of the bone marrow

Chang

Tokoyoda

Radbruch

2018

Immunological Reviews

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SummaryMemory for antigens once encountered is a hallmark of the immune system of vertebrates, providing us with an immunity adapted to pathogens of our environment. Despite its fundamental relevance, the cells and genes representing immunological memory are still poorly understood. Here we discuss the concept of a circulating, proliferating, and ubiquitous population of effector lymphocytes vs concepts of resting and dormant populations of dedicated memory lymphocytes, distinct from effector lymphocytes and residing in defined tissues, particularly in barrier tissues and in the bone marrow. The lifestyle of memory plasma cells of the bone marrow may serve as a paradigm, showing that persistence of memory lymphocytes is not defined by intrinsic “half‐lives”, but rather conditional on distinct survival signals provided by dedicated niches. These niches are organized by individual mesenchymal stromal cells. They define the capacity of immunological memory and regulate its homeostasis.

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“…108 Plasma B cells are long-lived antibody-secreting cells that have been found in physical association to CAR cells, megakaryoctes, and eosinophils (eos). [109][110][111] (iv) Although a significant fraction (30%) of early lymphoid progenitors (Lin 2 IL7-ra 1 ) has been shown to lie proximal to mature, bone-lining osteoblasts, 48 the vast majority of phenotypically defined CLPs are in contact with IL-7-expressing CAR cells. 50 Quiescent CD4 1 memory T cells are found scattered throughout the BM in contact with perisinusoidal IL-7-secreting stromal cells.…”

Section: Org Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and three-dimensional microanatomical organization of the bone marrow

2017

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Bone marrow (BM) constitutes one of the largest organs in mice and humans, continuously generating, in a highly regulated manner, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells that together form the majority of cells of the body. In this review, we provide a quantitative overview of BM cellular composition, we summarize emerging knowledge on its structural organization and cellular niches, and we argue for the need of multidimensional approaches such as recently developed imaging techniques to uncover the complex spatial logic that underlies BM function in health and disease.Since Neumann and Bizzozero independently proposed in 1868 that the origin of blood cells was to be found in soft tissues contained inside bone cavities, the bone marrow (BM) has continued to fascinate scientists and clinicians alike. 1,2 Yet more than a century later, our understanding of how the hematopoietic, immune, and bone-forming tasks of the BM are tightly controlled and integrated in the context of one common anatomical space is still incomplete. Methodological approaches and advances to study BM tissuesEarly studies on BM cellular composition and microarchitecture date back to the 19th century when the first biopsies of marrow content were performed in living individuals. 3 Microscopic observation of BM smears and examination of histological sections became the standard technique, which is still used to this day to study, diagnose, and classify hematologic disorders. The realization in the post-World War II era that transplantation of BM cells from healthy individuals could rescue the lethal effects of high-dose irradiation on hematopoiesis galvanized scientific interest in BM and lead to the development of methods to detect and measure hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) activity, absolute cellularity, lineage-specific half-lives, and kinetics of cell production in the BM of humans and in laboratory animals. 4,5 Gradual improvements in light and electron microscopy further refined the understanding of the quantitative composition and ultrastructural features of BM tissues. 6 The biggest leap in the fields of immunology and hematology came with the advent of recombinant antibody technology and flow cytometry in the 1960s. These breakthroughs permitted the identification, quantification, and isolation of diverse populations from highly heterogeneous cell suspensions through detection of phenotypic traits. 5 Indeed, to this day, flow cytometry remains the technological mainstay for the study and dissection of the hematopoietic system.Immunolabeling methods were further adopted in modern fluorescence-based microscopy to discriminate cellular phenotypes in tissue sections and study cellular organization in the BM. In recent years, confocal microscopy has become the most popular modality to define spatial relationships and study developmental-stage specific localization patterns, with a keen interest of many groups in the dissection of HSPC niches. 7 In addition, intravital multiphoton microscopy is employed to obtain dyna...

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Eosinophils are required for the maintenance of plasma cells in the bone marrow

Cited by 459 publications

References 37 publications

Immunity to gastrointestinal nematode infections

Immunity to gastrointestinal nematode infections

Immunological memories of the bone marrow

Quantification and three-dimensional microanatomical organization of the bone marrow

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