EPA prevents fat mass expansion and metabolic disturbances in mice fed with a Western diet

Abstract

The authors acknowledge the staff from Auvergne University Experimental Animal Laboratory and Christophe Del’Homme, Philippe Denis, Anne Terisse-Lottier and Alexandre Teynie from the Experimental Animal Facility of the Human Nutrition Unit (INRA of Clermont-Ferrand) for their assistance throughout the animal protocol. We thank Celine Bobby for her help for TaqMan gene expression assays. We gratefully acknowledge financial support and doctoral fellowship (to A.P.) fromLesieur and AvrilImpact of ALA, EPA and DHA on obesity and metabolic complications were studied in mice fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HF). HF diets were supplemented with ALA, EPA or DHA (1%w/w) and given to C57BL/6J mice for 16 weeks and to Ob/Ob mice for 6 weeks. In C57BL/6J mice, EPA reduced plasma cholesterol (-20%), limited fat mass accumulation (-23%), adipose cell hypertrophy (-50%), and reduced plasma leptin concentration (-60%), compared to HF fed mice. Furthermore, mice supplemented with EPA exhibited a higher insulin sensitivity (+24%) and glucose tolerance (+20%) compared to HF fed mice. Similar effects were observed in EPA supplemented Ob/Ob mice, although fat mass accumulation was not prevented. By contrast in comparison to HF fed mice, DHA did not prevent fat mass accumulation, increased plasma leptin concentration (+128%) in C57BL/6J mice and did not improve glucose homeostasis in C57BL/6J and Ob/Ob mice. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, DHA stimulated leptin expression whereas EPA induced adiponectin expression, suggesting that improved leptin / adiponectin balance may contribute to the protective effect of EPA. In conclusion, supplementation with EPA, but not ALA and DHA, could preserve glucose homeostasis in an obesogenic environment and limit fat mass accumulation in the early stage of weight gain

Resolvin E1 derived from eicosapentaenoic acid prevents hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in a host genetic manner

“…The preventative studies with pure EPA ethyl esters challenge some previous findings in this area of study. Earlies studies have reported a reduction in fat mass with EPA-enriched oils, which we did not observe 43,44 . Perhaps the differences in results lies in the concentration and purity of EPA and the timing as well as duration of intervention.…”

Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Differentially Alter Gut Microbiome and Reverse High‐Fat Diet–Induced Insulin Resistance

“…Consumption of a high‐fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fatty acids leads to obesity and metabolic disorders [ 4 ] while intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may promote a metabolically healthy phenotype. [ 5,6 ] Typically, marine n‐3 PUFAs, notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to reduce IR in rodents possibly by regulating the secretion of adipocytokines, [ 7–9 ] dampening the inflammatory process, [ 10–12 ] inhibiting adipose tissue remodeling, [ 13 ] and promoting mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation. [ 14 ] However, whether marine n‐3 PUFAs are able to reverse the established IR in the context of obesity remains unclear since existing studies mainly assessed the preventative effect on progressive IR.…”

“…[ 14 ] However, whether marine n‐3 PUFAs are able to reverse the established IR in the context of obesity remains unclear since existing studies mainly assessed the preventative effect on progressive IR. In addition, since only a few studies have applied individual n‐3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA), [ 9,10 ] their individual effect and mechanisms involved have poorly been understood.…”

EPA plays multiple roles in regulating lipid accumulation of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella adipose tissue in vitro and in vivo

“…Recently, hsl was found to be divided into two types in C. idella , including hsla and hslb (Sun et al ., ). In M. musculus , EPA was observed to increase the gene expression of atgl (Pinel et al ., ). Analogously, EPA enhanced C. idella adipocytes lipolysis by upregulating the (m)RNA levels of atgl and hsl (Liu et al ., ).…”

“…Recently, hsl was found to be divided into two types in C. idella, including hsla and hslb (Sun et al, 2016). In M. musculus, EPA was observed to increase the gene expression of atgl (Pinel et al, 2016).…”