Epicarditis in a cat caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus: case report

Araujo, Gabriel Antunes de; Matta, E.C.; Lallo, Maria Anete; Machado, Gisele Fabrino; Rocha, P.R.D.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-11359

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For example, myocarditis has been previously reported in an FIP cat (Ernandes et al, 2019) with pronounced viral antigen in the heart detected by IHC, along with a report of FIP-linked dilated cardiomyopathy (Yoshida et al, 2016). There are also reports of FCoV in the heart tissue/muscle in a subclinical cat (Kiss et al, 2000) and one with epicarditis (Araujo et al, 2020). In addition, (Malbon et al, 2019) noted the involvement of both the liver and heart in FCoV pathogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Intra-host variation in the spike S1/S2 region of a feline coronavirus type-1 in a cat with persistent infection

Olarte‐Castillo

Licitra

André

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Feline coronavirus type 1 (FCoV-1) is widely known for causing feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a systemic infection that is often fatal, with the virus known as the FIPV biotype. However, subclinical disease also occurs, in which cats may not show signs and intermittently shed the virus, including in feces, possibly for long periods of time. This virus is known as the FECV biotype. Progression of FECV to FIPV has been linked to several genomic changes, however a specific region of the viral spike protein at the interface of the spike S1 and S2 domains has been especially implicated. In this study, we followed a cat (#576) for six years from 2017, at which time FCoV-1 was detected in feces and conjunctival swabs, until 2022, when the animal was euthanized based on a diagnosis of alimentary small cell lymphoma. Over this time period, the cat was clinically diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and chronic rhinitis, and cardiac problems were also suspected. Using hybridization capture targeting the spike (S) gene of FCoV followed by next-generation sequencing, we screened 27 clinical samples. We detected FCoV-1 in 4 samples taken in 2017 (intestine and nasal tissue, feces, and conjunctiva), and 3 samples taken in 2022 (feces, and intestinal and heart tissue), but not in fecal samples taken in 2019 and 2020. Next, we focused on the S1/S2 region within S, which contains the furin cleavage site (FCS), a key regulator of viral transmission and pathogenesis. We show that the FCoV-1 variants obtained from feces in 2017 and 2022 were identical, while the ones from conjunctiva (2017), heart (2022), and intestine (2017 and 2022) were distinct. Sequence comparison of all the variants obtained showed that most of the non-synonymous changes in the S1/S2 region occur within the FCS. In the heart, we found two variants that differed by a single nucleotide, resulting in distinct FCS motifs that differ in one amino acid. It is predicted that one of these FCS motifs will down-regulate spike cleavability. The variant from the conjunctiva (2017) had a 6-nucleotide in-frame insertion that resulted in a longer and more exposed S1/S2 loop, which is predicted to be more accessible to the furin protease. Our studies indicate that FCoV-1 can independently persist in the gastrointestinal tract and heart of a cat over a long period of time without evidence of typical FIP signs, with intermittent viral shedding from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Intra-host variation in the spike S1/S2 region of a feline coronavirus type-1 in a cat with persistent infection

Olarte‐Castillo

Licitra

André

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Pericarditis and pericardial effusion (PE) are rare conditions in cats ( 1 ). As potential causes for PE, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) ( 2 , 3 ), congestive heart failure ( 4 ), neoplasms such as lymphoma ( 5 ) or sarcoma ( 6 ), and inflammatory diseases ( 7 ) are described. Regardless of this, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and especially intracardiac injections (ICIs) are known risk factors for iatrogenic damage to the heart and pericardium in dogs, potentially leading to PE ( 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regardless of this, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and especially intracardiac injections (ICIs) are known risk factors for iatrogenic damage to the heart and pericardium in dogs, potentially leading to PE ( 8 ). Pericarditis can be linked to conditions such as bacterial infections ( 9 – 11 ), FIP ( 2 ), migrating foreign bodies ( 12 , 13 ), hypereosinophilic syndrome ( 14 ), lymphoma ( 15 ), and peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia repair ( 16 ). Pericarditis can be effusive or constrictive in nature; however, a combined form, effusive-constrictive pericarditis (ECP), has been described in human and veterinary medicine ( 17 – 19 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic pericarditis and recurrent pericardial effusion of unknown origin in a kitten: a case report

Weingand,

He,

Grau-Roma

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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A 3-month-old kitten was presented after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, including a presumed intracardial injection by its primary care veterinarian. Throughout the subsequent hospitalization in the intensive care unit, the cat exhibited recurrent hemorrhagic pericardial effusions, along with concurrent pleural and abdominal effusions, resulting in multiple clinical deteriorations, necessitating pericardiocentesis and thoracocentesis. Despite more than 3 days of intensive care, the cat experienced another cardiopulmonary arrest with unsuccessful attempts to achieve the return of spontaneous circulation. Necropsy and histopathological findings revealed diffuse chronic-active pericarditis and hemorrhagic pericardial effusion, a condition that has not been documented in the context of cardiopulmonary resuscitation or pericardiocentesis.

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Persistent feline coronavirus infection in a cat with cardiac and gastrointestinal signs

Licitra,

Olarte-Castillo,

Whit-taker

2024

Companion Animal

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Background Feline coronavirus infection causes feline infectious peritonitis in a subset of cats, but can also result in persistent infection. The tissue reservoirs of feline coronavirus and the role of viral persistence in pathogenesis are poorly understood. Aims This study aimed to identify sites of feline coronavirus persistence in a naturally infected cat, identify disease correlates and characterise within-host viral evolution. Methods The study followed a 5-year-old Bengal cat for 6 years and collected non-invasive samples, including faeces and conjunctival, oropharyngeal and saliva swabs. At 11-years-old, the patient was euthanised as a result of respiratory distress, and tissue samples were collected. The authors used hybridisation capture and next-generation sequencing methodologies focused on the feline coronavirus S gene, along with RNA in-situ hybridisation. Results During the study, the patient was diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease, alimentary small cell lymphoma, chronic rhinitis and mitral valve regurgitation. Feline coronavirus was detected in the nasal cavity, intestine, faeces and conjunctiva in 2017, and in the intestine, faeces and heart in 2022. Sequence analysis showed that the virus adapted to tissue reservoirs over time. Conclusions This study identifies potential feline coronavirus reservoirs. The relationship of persistent feline coronavirus infection to chronic conditions warrants further investigation.

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Epicarditis in a cat caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus: case report

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Intra-host variation in the spike S1/S2 region of a feline coronavirus type-1 in a cat with persistent infection

Intra-host variation in the spike S1/S2 region of a feline coronavirus type-1 in a cat with persistent infection

Chronic pericarditis and recurrent pericardial effusion of unknown origin in a kitten: a case report

Persistent feline coronavirus infection in a cat with cardiac and gastrointestinal signs

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