Epicuticular Leaf Waxes of the Hop (Humulus lupulus). Chemical Composition and Surface Structures

Gülz, Paul‐Gerhard; Müller, E.; Herrmann, T.; Lösel, Peter

doi:10.1515/znc-1993-9-1002

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…1-Hexacosanol occurs in the epicuticular waxes of many plants, including hops (Humulus lupulus L.; Gülz et al, 1993) and mulberry (Morus alba L.; Mori, 1982), and is a phagostimulant for larvae of the silkworm moth, Bombyx mori L. (Mori, 1982) and adult cottonwood leaf beetles, Chrysomela scripta F. (Lin et al, 1998). The synthetic compound was obtained commercially (Aldrich, purity = 98%) and applied to glass tubes at a concentration of 0.5% in chloroform.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid responses to non‐host epicuticular lipids

Powell

Maniar

Pickett

et al. 1999

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Initiation of stylet penetration by aphids depends on the sensory assessment of a number of plant surface features including colour, texture and phytochemicals (volatile and non-volatile). Video recording behaviour of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, showed that these insects rapidly inserted their stylets following contact with host plants (beans), but were reluctant to penetrate non-hosts (oats). However, when epicuticular waxes were stripped from oats, using cellulose acetate, aphids penetrated the plant surface significantly earlier than on oats with the wax layer intact. Chloroform extraction of epicuticular lipids, followed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, revealed a complex blend of wax components on beans, whereas one compound (1-hexacosanol) predominated on oats. Epicuticular lipids were applied to artificial (glass) substrates in order to investigate their behavioural activity. Initiation of a stylet penetration attempt by A. fabae was delayed when the oat extract or pure 1-hexacosanol were applied, but the bean extract had no behavioural effect. The results suggest that epicuticular lipids play an important role in the early stages of host-plant selection by A. fabae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid responses to non‐host epicuticular lipids

Powell

Maniar

Pickett

et al. 1999

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Studies by Gülz et al. (1992) and Gülz et al. (1993) concluded that characteristic lipid crystals can be observed on leaves if one lipid class comprises at least 40% of the total profile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to descriptions of epicuticular wax crystals by Jeffree (1986), the spiky crystals on onion foliage are likely formed by a ketone. Studies by Gülz et al (1992) and Gülz et al (1993) concluded that characteristic lipid crystals can be observed on leaves if one lipid class comprises at least 40% of the total profile. Therefore, the spiky, microscopic wax crystals that predominate onion foliage can possibly be ketone(s).…”

Section: Epiculticular Wax Coverage and Morphology Of Glossy Mutantmentioning

confidence: 99%

A glossy mutant in onion (Allium cepa L.) shows decreased expression of wax biosynthesis genes

Manape,

Soumia,

Khade

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Cuticular wax is a characteristic feature of land plants that provides protection against both biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a glossy mutant lacking an epicuticular wax layer was identified in the γ-irradiated M2 mutant population of the onion cultivar Bhima Super. The inheritance of the mutant’s glossy phenotype was determined to be recessive and single locus. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed poor accumulation of wax crystals in the glossy mutant, concentrated near the stomata. The plant height, number of leaves per plant, and stomatal parameters of the mutant were similar to the wild-type. RNA-seq was used to comprehend the expression variations of waxy cuticle-related genes in the glossy mutant and its wild-type waxy cultivars. Differential gene expression analysis of the RNA-seq data revealed that the genes involved in wax biosynthesis, such as AcCER1, AcCER26, AcMAH1, and AcWSD1, were downregulated by 2.72, 1.74, 2.59 and 2.12-fold, respectively, in the glossy mutant respectively. The expression patterns of these four unigenes were validated using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The glossy mutant displayed a substantial 3.5-fold reduction in cuticular wax load compared to the wild-type due to the significant downregulation of these wax biosynthesis genes. These findings represent early advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of wax biosynthesis in onions. Furthermore, they provide a foundation for utilizing the glossy mutant trait in breeding programmes to enhance stress and pest resilience.

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“…This is currently the reason why these organs are mainly harvested. Several studies also showed that the same set of compounds can be synthesized in leaf surface glandular structures called trichomes [ 45 , 47 ]. It was reported that the concentration of the molecules can be variable and can be higher in the leaves than in the cones [ 42 ] or much lower [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hop Extract Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Human Chondrocytes Is Potentiated When Encapsulated in Rapeseed Lecithin Nanoliposomes

Velot

Ducrocq

Girardeau

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a plant used as an ingredient in beer or employed for its anti-inflammatory properties. The cultivation of hops is currently dedicated to the brewing industry, where mainly female flowers are used, whereas aerial parts, such as leaves, are considered coproducts. Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal disease associated with low-grade cartilage inflammation. Liposomes have been shown to be promising systems for drug delivery to cartilage cells, called chondrocytes. The aim of our work was to vectorize hop extract valorized from coproducts as a therapeutic agent to alleviate inflammation in human chondrocytes in vitro. Liquid chromatography allowed the identification of oxidized bitter acids in a methanolic extract obtained from the leaves of Cascade hops. The extract was encapsulated in rapeseed lecithin nanoliposomes, and the physicochemical properties of empty or loaded nanoliposomes exhibited no difference. Increasing concentrations of the hop extract alone, empty nanoliposomes, and loaded nanoliposomes were tested on human chondrocytes to assess biocompatibility. The appropriate conditions were applied to chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin-1β to evaluate their effect on inflammation. The results reveal that encapsulation potentiates the hop extract anti-inflammatory effect and that it might be able to improve joint inflammation in osteoarthritis. Furthermore, these results also show that a “zero waste” chain is something that can be achieved in hop cultivation.

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Epicuticular Leaf Waxes of the Hop (Humulus lupulus). Chemical Composition and Surface Structures

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Aphid responses to non‐host epicuticular lipids

Aphid responses to non‐host epicuticular lipids

A glossy mutant in onion (Allium cepa L.) shows decreased expression of wax biosynthesis genes

Hop Extract Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Human Chondrocytes Is Potentiated When Encapsulated in Rapeseed Lecithin Nanoliposomes

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