Epidemic multidrug‐resistant (MDR‐AmpC) Salmonella enterica serovar Newport strains contain three phage regions and a MDR resistance plasmid

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant (MDR-AmpC) Salmonella enterica serovar Newport has caused serious disease in animals and humans in North America, whereas in the UK S. enterica serovar Newport is not associated with severe disease and usually sensitive to antibiotics; MDR S. Newport (not AmpC) strains have only been isolated from poultry. We found that UK poultry strains belonged to MLST type ST166 and were distinct from cattle isolates for being able to utilize D-tagotose and when compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and diversity arrays technology (DArT). Cattle strains belonged to the ST45 complex differing from ST166 at all seven loci. PFGE showed that 19 out of 27 cattle isolates were more than 85% similar to each other and some UK and US strains were indistinguishable. Both CGH and DArT identified genes (including phage-related ones) that were uniquely present in the US isolates and two such genes identified by DArT showed sequence similarities with the pertussis-like (artAB) toxin. This work demonstrates that MDR-AmpC S. Newport from the USA are genetically closely related to pan-susceptible strains from the UK, but contained three extra phage regions and a MDR plasmid.

Comparative Analysis of ESBL-Positive Escherichia coli Isolates from Animals and Humans from the UK, The Netherlands and Germany

“…coli isolates although we recognize one weakness regarding the inability to differentiate group and sub-groups of ESBL in sufficient depth. The amount of data generated by this small array platform is more manageable compared with the whole genome glass slide microarrays [43,44] or whole genome sequencing. The whole genome arrays provide more information on genes located on the chromosome, but less information on virulence genes and mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, where the ESBL and pAmpC-β-lactamase genes are often located.…”

Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 isolated from humans and food in Brazil presented a high genomic similarity

“…The ST213 and ST34 were related to resistance to multiple drugs, ST213 was also associated to invasive disease in humans and animals [58,59]. Finally, the ST166 was described in poultry and the ST99 was reported in wild birds and pigs [60,61]. All these STs abovementioned were not clonally related to the ST313, herein studied by the different tools used.…”

Inhibition of Bacterial Ammonia Oxidation by Organohydrazines in Soil Microcosms

“…About 150 ng PCR products from each sample was subjected to DGGE analysis as described previously (Wu et al, 2010). Dominant bands in the DGGE fingerprints were excised and re-amplified.…”

“…Until recently, however, several cultivation studies (Könneke et al, 2005; De La Torre et al, 2008; Hatzenpichler et al, 2008; Tourna et al, 2011) discovered that some members of archaea can oxidize ammonia autotrophically as well. The numerical dominance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) over ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) appears to be a common feature in a wide variety of environments (Leininger et al, 2006; Agogué et al, 2008; Reed et al, 2010; Wu et al, 2010). The transcriptional activity and exceptionally high abundance of archaeal amoA gene in various habitats (Chen et al, 2008; Tourna et al, 2008; Church et al, 2010) have suggested AOA might play a key role in ammonia oxidation, although there are also some reports suggesting AOB dominate microbial ammonia oxidation in nitrogen-rich environment (Jia and Conrad, 2009; Xia et al, 2011).…”