Epidémie de choléra au Burkina Faso en 2005: aspects épidémiologiques et diagnostiques

Kyelem, Carole Gilberte; Bougouma, A.; Thiombiano, R.; Salou-Kagoné, Ida Adeline; Sangare, L.; Ouédraogo, Ramata

doi:10.4314/pamj.v8i1.71047

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…This booster effect of rainfall on cholera outbreaks has been observed in many other countries [13], [14], [36]–[38], where rainfall has caused latrine overflow or the washing up of waste with subsequent contamination of wells and surface waters. However, the relationship between rainfall and cholera likely involves other mechanisms, such as the seasonal modification of human water sources or human behavior such as rice culture activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Cholera during the First Year of the Epidemic in Haiti

Gaudart

Rebaudet

Barrais³

et al. 2013

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundIn October 2010, cholera importation in Haiti triggered an epidemic that rapidly proved to be the world's largest epidemic of the seventh cholera pandemic. To establish effective control and elimination policies, strategies rely on the analysis of cholera dynamics. In this report, we describe the spatio-temporal dynamics of cholera and the associated environmental factors.Methodology/Principal findingsCholera-associated morbidity and mortality data were prospectively collected at the commune level according to the World Health Organization standard definition. Attack and mortality rates were estimated and mapped to assess epidemic clusters and trends. The relationships between environmental factors were assessed at the commune level using multivariate analysis. The global attack and mortality rates were 488.9 cases/10,000 inhabitants and 6.24 deaths/10,000 inhabitants, respectively. Attack rates displayed a significantly high level of spatial heterogeneity (varying from 64.7 to 3070.9 per 10,000 inhabitants), thereby suggesting disparate outbreak processes. The epidemic course exhibited two principal outbreaks. The first outbreak (October 16, 2010–January 30, 2011) displayed a centrifugal spread of a damping wave that suddenly emerged from Mirebalais. The second outbreak began at the end of May 2011, concomitant with the onset of the rainy season, and displayed a highly fragmented epidemic pattern. Environmental factors (river and rice fields: p<0.003) played a role in disease dynamics exclusively during the early phases of the epidemic.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that the epidemic is still evolving, with a changing transmission pattern as time passes. Such an evolution could have hardly been anticipated, especially in a country struck by cholera for the first time. These results argue for the need for control measures involving intense efforts in rapid and exhaustive case tracking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Cholera during the First Year of the Epidemic in Haiti

Gaudart

Rebaudet

Barrais³

et al. 2013

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…Six studies, a case control study in Iran [22], secondary data analysis from Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in Pakistan [23], RCT in Nepal [24], secondary data analysis in Bangladesh [25], case control study in Zimbabwe [26], and population based retrospective study in Haryana, India [27] were excluded because they did not have enough information for the meta-analysis, i.e., the number of total live births and number of neonatal deaths were not separately indicated and compared for facility delivery and home delivery.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of health facility delivery on neonatal mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis

Tura

Fantahun

Worku

2013

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

161

106

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BackgroundThough promising progress has been made towards achieving the Millennium Development Goal four through substantial reduction in under-five mortality, the decline in neonatal mortality remains stagnant, mainly in the middle and low-income countries. As an option, health facility delivery is assumed to reduce this problem significantly. However, the existing evidences show contradicting conclusions about this fact, particularly in areas where enabling environments are constraint. Thus, this review was conducted with the aim of determining the pooled effect of health facility delivery on neonatal mortality.MethodsThe reviewed studies were accessed through electronic web-based search strategy from PUBMED, Cochrane Library and Advanced Google Scholar by using combination key terms. The analysis was done by using STATA-11. I2 test statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Funnel plot, Begg’s test and Egger’s test were used to check for publication bias. Pooled effect size was determined in the form of relative risk in the random-effects model using DerSimonian and Laird's estimator.ResultsA total of 2,216 studies conducted on the review topic were identified. During screening, 37 studies found to be relevant for data abstraction. From these, only 19 studies fulfilled the preset criteria and included in the analysis. In 10 of the 19 studies included in the analysis, facility delivery had significant association with neonatal mortality; while in 9 studies the association was not significant. Based on the random effects model, the final pooled effect size in the form of relative risk was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.87) for health facility delivery as compared to home delivery.ConclusionHealth facility delivery is found to reduce the risk of neonatal mortality by 29% in low and middle income countries. Expansion of health facilities, fulfilling the enabling environments and promoting their utilization during childbirth are essential in areas where home delivery is a common practice.

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“…Low birth weight (LBW) defined as a birth weighing 500 grams and above but below 2,500 grams irrespective of gestational age, continues to be a problem world-wide [ 1 – 4 ] and a cause of infant mortality [ 1 , 5 – 7 ], but more in developing countries [ 8 – 14 ]. More than 20 million infants in the world (15.5% of all births) are born with LBW [ 1 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Low Birthweight in Zimbabwean Women: A Secondary Data Analysis

2015

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BackgroundLow birth weight (LBW) remains the main cause of mortality and morbidity in infants, and a problem in the care of pregnant women world-wide particularly in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to describe the socio-demographic, nutritional, reproductive, medical and obstetrical risk factors for delivering a live LBW infant at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe.MethodsA secondary data analysis from data obtained through a questionnaire and delivery records was conducted. Linear regression models with a complimentary log-log link function were used to estimate the relative risks for all LBW, term LBW and preterm LBW.ResultsThe frequency of LBW was 16.7%. Lack of prenatal care (adjusted relative risk [ARR] 1.69, 95% CI 1.44, 1.98), mother’s mid-arm circumference below 28.5 cm, (ARR 1.35, 95% CI 1.19, 1.54) and rural residence (ARR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04, 1.40) increased the risk of LBW. Eclampsia, anemia, and ante-partum hemorrhage, were associated with LBW (ARR 2.64, 95% CI 1.30, 5.35; ARR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.16, 5.97; and ARR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.55, 3.68), respectively. Malaria increased the risk of LBW (ARR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.21, 2.96). Prenatal care, infant sex, anemia, antepartum hemorrhage, premature rapture of membranes and preterm labor were associated with the three LBW categories. History of abortion or stillbirth, history of LBW, malaria, eclampsia, and placenta Previa, were associated with all LBW and preterm LBW, while pregnancy induced hypertension, and number of children alive were associated with all LBW and term LBW.ConclusionsLBW frequency remains high and is associated with nutritive, reproductive, medical and obstetrical factors. Preterm LBW and term LBW have similar and also different risk factors. Understanding the role of different risk factors in these different LBW categories is important if the goal is to reduce LBW frequency, and its complications, in Zimbabwe.

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Epidémie de choléra au Burkina Faso en 2005: aspects épidémiologiques et diagnostiques

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Cholera during the First Year of the Epidemic in Haiti

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Cholera during the First Year of the Epidemic in Haiti

The effect of health facility delivery on neonatal mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis

Risk Factors for Low Birthweight in Zimbabwean Women: A Secondary Data Analysis

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