Epidemiologic Characterization of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Rural Chaozhou, Eastern Guangdong Province of China

Abstract

BackgroundHuman papilloma virus (HPV) infection was the main cause of cervical cancer. There were only a few reports and detailed data about epidemiological research of HPV infection in rural population of China.Materials and MethodsThe cervical cells of rural Chaozhou women were collected, and multiplex real time PCR was firstly performed to detect high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection, which could detect 13 types of HR-HPV (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68). Then, HPV-positive samples were typed by HPV GenoArray test.ResultsHR-HPV DNA was detected by multiplex real time-PCR in 3830 of 48559 cases (7.89%). There was a peak incidence in age of 55–60 years group, and a lower incidence in who lived in plain group compared with suburban, mountain and seashore group. 3380 cases of HPV positive sample were genotyped, 11.01% (372/3380) cases could not be classified, among the typed 3008 cases, 101 cases were identified without HR-HPV type infection, 2907 cases were infected with one HR-HPV type at least, the 6 most common HR-HPV types in descending order of infection, were type 52 (33.4%, 16 (20.95%), 58 (15.93%), 33 (9.94%), 68 (9.22%) and 18 (8.36%). The combined prevalence of HPV types 16 and 18 accounted for 28.52% of total infection. However, type 52 plus 58 presented 48.23% of total infection. 2209/2907 cases were infected with a single HPV type and 698/2907 cases were infected with multiple types, and multiple infection constituent ratio increased with age, with a peak incidence in age 55–60 years group.ConclusionsOur findings showed low prevalence of HPV vaccine types (16 and 18) and relatively high prevalence of HPV-52 and -58, support the hypothesis that the second-generation HPV vaccines including HPV-52 and -58 may offer higher protection for women in rural Guangdong Province.

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Infections in Women Attending Hospitals in Chaozhou of Guangdong Province

“…Therefore, the second-generation vaccines should target to specific regions (Clifford et al, 2005). Our findings supported the hypothesis that the second-generation HPV prophylactic vaccines including HPV-52 and -58 may offer higher protection for women residing in Chaozhou and cities in the neighborhood (Chen et al, 2012).…”

“…All swabs and store bottle with specimen transport medium were from Hybribio Biotechnology Limited Corp., Chaozhou, China. The brush and supernatant were removed after the cells were centrifugated for 5 mins with relative centrifugal force of 960 g. DNA was extracted from the sediments with alkaline lysis method Kits (Hybribio Biotechnology Limited Corp.) (Klintschar and Neuhuber, 2000;Chen et al, 2012).…”

“…The most common HR-HPV subtypes in general women population worldwide were HPV-16, -18, -31, -58, -52, -51 and -33 (de Sanjosé et al, 2007), while in some Asian countries, the HPV-52 and HPV-58 infections were as common as HPV16 infection (Inoue et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2010;Ye et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2012). Similar prevalence pattern also exhibited in our sample population, HPV-52 was the most commonly identified HR type, following were types 16, 58, 18, 68 and 33.…”

“…Meanwhile, most interest had been raised to determine age-related HPV infection and to identify the major genotypes in different countries. Based on the meta-analysis reported worldwide, HPV type 16 and 18 were the most common HPV types in Europe and Africa (de Sanjosé et al, 2007;Bruni et al, 2010), following was types 45, 31 and 33, whereas HPV 52 and HPV 58 presented a more frequent prevalence in Asia (Bao et al, 2008;Sun et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2012).…”

“…In southern China, a few epidemiologic researches had been performed to evaluate the HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in asymptomatic female population (Lin et al 2008;Wu et al, 2010;Yip et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2012), but little dada was available from outpatients (Lin et al, 2006;Xue et al, 2009). Due to the accessible anatomic site for sample collection and the well-established sample collecting method for cervix, we investigated the cervical HPV infection in women attending hospitals, to understand the age-specific and genotype-specific prevalence of HPV in Chaozhou City in recent 2 years, and to collect timely and sufficient information to support future vaccination program.…”